During the last twenty years there has been increasing concern with the quality
题型：不详难度：来源：
Noise is defined as "unwanted sound". Causes of noise pollution include traffic, aircraft, rock bands, barking dogs, televisions, garbage trucks, and noise from neighbors, voices, alarms, and watercrafts. Studies show that over forty percent of Americans are disturbed at home or lose sleep because of noise pollution.
Noise has bad effects on people and the environment. Noise causes hearing loss, interferes (妨碍) with human activities at home and work, and is in various ways dangerous to people"s health and well being.
When we think, talk, listen to music, or sleep, we need quiet. Even low levels of noise can be
annoying or frustrating. Sudden increases in volume can make sounds annoying. The quieter the background is, the more penetrating a noise can be.Noise can also make instructions or warning unclear, resulting in accidents. Louder noise bursts can be more disruptive (破坏性).Continued stress can lead to high blood pressure, which is the major cause of some diseases.
Long exposure to noise levels above eight-five decibels (分贝) can damage inner cells and lead to hearing loss. Noise can result in the involuntary fear response and can cause adrenaline (肾上腺素) to be pumped into the bloodstream, the heart rate to quicken, muscles to tense, breathing to increase, and the digestive system to slow down.
Local government has the responsibility to fight noise pollution. For example, it can regulate the speed of trains through their community. On the other hand, a responsible citizen will never make noise pollution wherever he is.
小题1: How many kinds of environmental pollution are mentioned in the text?
| A．Two | B．Three | C．Four | D．Five |
| A．parties and meetings | B．zoos and theaters |
| C．schools and factories | D．vehicles and animals |
| A．High and exciting | B．Sharp and shocking |
| C．Loud and unpleasant | D．Clear and comfortable |
| A．individuals and government should work together to reduce noise pollution |
| B．the government should offer it"s people better education on noise pollution |
| C．the government should be responsible for noise pollution |
| D．people who make noise pollution should be punished |
| A．hearing loss | B．speeding the digestive system |
| C．high blood pressure | D．accidents |
答案
小题1:B
小题1:D
小题1:C
小题1:A
小题1:B
解析
举一反三
rns of genetic material that are unique to almost every individual. His discovery changed everything from the way we do criminal investigations to the way we decide family law. But the professor of genetics at the University of Leicester, UK, is still surprised, and a bit worried, by the power of the technology he released upon the world.The patterns within DNA are unique to each individual, except identical twins, who share the same pattern. The ability to identify these patterns has been used to convict(证明…有罪) murderers and to clear people who are wrongly accused. It is also used to identify the vi
ctims of war and settle disputes over who is the father of a child.Jeffrey said he and his colleagues made the discovery by accident while tracking genetic variations(变异). But, within six months of the
discovery, genetic fingerprinting had been used in an immigration case, to prove that an African boy really was his parents’ son.·In 1986, it was used for the first time in a British
criminal case: It cleared one suspect after being accused of two murders and helped convict another man.DNA testing is now very common. In Britain, a national criminal database established in 1995 now contains 2.5 million DNA samples. The U.S. and Canada are developing similar systems. But there are fears about the stored DNA samples and how they could be used to harm a person’s privacy. That includes a person’s medical history, racial origin or psychological profile. “There is the long-term risk that people can get into these samples and start getting additional information about a person’s paternity(父子关系) or risk of disease,” Jeffrey said.
DNA testing is not an unfailing proof of identity. Still, it is considered a reasonably reliable system for determining the things it is used for. Jeffrey estimates the probability of two individuals’ DNA profiles matching in the most commonly used tests at one in a billion.
小题1:According to the text, DNA testing can NOT be used in _______ .
| A．doing criminal investigations | B．deciding faraily law |
| C．clearmg wrongly accused people | D．telling twins apart |
| A．the government in Britain establishes a criminal database |
| B．the US and Canada develop similar systems |
| C．DNA samples can be used to harm a person’s privacy |
| D．DNA testing is too expensive and dangerous now |
| A．In a guidebook. | B．In a storybook. |
| C．In a science fiction. | D．In a scientific magazine. |
| A．Discovery of DNA testing by Jeffery | B．Practice of DNA testing in court |
| C．DNA testing in the present situation | D．Benefits and side effects of DNA testing |
Reporting the news through photos is called photojournalism. At times photojourn
alists tell their stories through a single picture. At other times, they use a group of pictures to tell a story. Each picture is like a chapter in a book, which can do more than record the facts. It can also be a strong force for social change.Jacob Riis was among the first photojournalists. He took pictures of parts of New York City where the poor lived. Riis believed that poverty caused crime, and he used photos to help him prove his point. A few years later, the photos of small children working in factories by Lewis Hine shocked the public. Hine’s pictures helped bring about laws to protect such children.
Hundreds of pictures may have to be taken in order to get one or two really good photos. It takes science to have the photo come out clearly and art to make a photo that has a good design and expresses feeling. Photojournalists make an actual record of what they see. A photo, however, can be both a work of art and an actual record. It can record an important event as a beautiful or exciting picture.
As historical and artistic documents(文献), photos can become more important over time. Today photojournali
sts still have their pictures appear in newspapers and magazines. They also publish them in books and on the Internet.小题1:The underlined word “They” in the first paragraph refers to .
| A．beauties | B．photos | C．goods | D．events |
| A．are also works of art | B．are popular ways of reporting news |
| C．often shock the public | D．can serve as a force for social change |
| A．News with pictures is encouraging. |
| B．Photos help people improve their life. |
| C．News photos mean history in a sense. |
| D．People prefer reading news with pictures. |
| A．telling the story through picture | B．decorating the walls of homes |
| C．publishing historical papers | D．expressing feeling through pictures |
It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers, although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when e-mail is introduced, the printers start working overtime. "I feel in my bones this revolution is causing more trees to be cut down," says Ted S
mith of the Earth Village Organization.Perhaps the best sign of how computer and Internet use pushes up demand for paper comes from the high-tech industry itself, which sees printing as one of its most promising new markets. Several Internet companies have been set up to help small businesses print quality documents from a computer. Earlier this week Hewlett-Packard Co. announced a plan to develop new technologies that will enable people to print even more so they can get a hard copy of a business document, a medical record or just a one-line e-mail, even if they are nowhere near a computer. As the company sees it, the more use of the Internet the greater demand for printers.
Does all this mean environmental concerns (环境问题) have been forgotten? Some activists suggest people have been led to believe that a lot of dangers to the environment have gone away. " I guess people believe that the problem is taken care of, because of recycling (回收利用) " said Kelly Quirke, director of the Rainforest Action Network in San Francisco. Yet Quirke is hopeful that high-tech may also prove helpful. He says printers that print on both sides are growing in popularity. The action group has also found acceptable paper made from materials other than wood, such as agricultural waste.
小题1: The growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to ________.
| A．the rapid development of small businesses |
| B．the opening up of new markets |
| C．the printing of high quality copies |
| D．the increased use of the Internet |
| A．to encourage printing more quality documents |
| B．to develop new printers using recycled paper |
| C．to find new materials for making paper |
| D．to plant more fast-growing trees |
| A．people are concerned about the environment |
| B．printers in many offices are working overtime |
| C．small companies need more hard copies |
| D．they see a growing market for printers |
In cloning, the DNA-containing nucleus of an adult cell is injected into an egg whose own nucleus(细胞核) has been removed. At the moment, the majority of cloned mice, sheep and other animals die before birth. It is thought this is because the adult DNA is not properly ‘reprogrammed’.
Using flies, researchers might discover genes that are important for this reprogramming, and that have matches in other animals. That is because it is relatively easy in flies to knock out the function of a single gene and then attempt cloning with these cells, which will test whether that gene is important. If such genes are confirmed, then in theory cloned mammalian embryos(晶胚) might be grown in selected solutions that change the activity of those genes to improve the technique’s success rate. Although some groups have attempted to clone insects before, Lloyd says this is the first time it has been successful. The team used a slight difference on the standard cloning process: they transferred nuclei taken from embryos rather than fully-grown adult cells. They sucked several nuclei (pl)out of developing fly embryos, and injected them into a fertilized(已受精的) fly egg. From over 800 early attempts, they cloned five adult insects, the group reports in the journal Genetics.
小题1:The best title of this passage probably is _______.
| A．The importance of clone |
| B．First insects are cloned |
| C．The disagreement in clone |
| D．The advantages of clone |
| A．there are fewer and fewer flies in the world |
| B．flies are easy to find and cheap to use |
| C．they can gain some experience before cloning other animals |
| D．it is safe to clone flies |
| A．the difference of other animals’ genes |
| B．the improper technique of clone |
| C．the complex of other animals |
| D．the improper rearrange of the adult gene |
| A．the clone of insects before used grown-up cells |
| B．the clone of insects were never experimented before |
| C．this time scientists cloned flies successfully and easily |
| D．based on this success, other animals will be cloned in large quantities. |
Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impression on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create troublesome situations. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and don’t pay attention to what you did because you’re involved in a conversation, you’ll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in your cupboard. “
Your memory itself isn’t failing you, ” says Schacter, “Rather, you didn’t give your memory system the information it needed.” http://wx.jtyjy.com/Lack of interest can also lead to absent -mindedness. “A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago, ” says Zelinski, “ may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox.”Women have slightly better m
emories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory depends on just that.“Visual cues（ 视觉提示 ）can help prevent absent--mindedness, ”says Schacter, “But be sure the cue is clear and available. ”If you want to remember to take a medicine with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table—don’t leave it in the medicine box and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket.
Another common experience of absent - mindedness: walking into a room and wondering why you’re there. Most likely, you were thinking about something else. “Everyone does this from time to time, ”says Zelinski. “The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and you’ll likely remember.”
小题1:The writer of the passage thinks that encoding properly is very important because ________.
| A．it enables us to recall something from our memory |
| B．it slows down the process of losing our memory |
| C．it helps us understand our memory system better |
| D．it helps us to get back to where we were |
| A．they rely more on the environment |
| B．they have a wider range of interests |
| C．they have an unusual power of focusing their attention |
| D．they are more interested in what’s happening around them |
| A．It will easily get lost |
| B．It is out of your sight |
| C．It’s not clear enough for you to read |
| D．It might get mixed up with other things |
| A．repetition might help improve our memory |
| B．memory depends to a certain extent on the environment |
| C．we’d better return to where we were if we forget things |
| D．we should think about something else while doing one thing |
| A．the memory system of persons |
| B．a way of encoding and recalling |
| C．the causes of absent-mindedness |
| D．the impression of the environment on memory |
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