阅读理解。 Memory is the ability to keep track of things that have happened in th

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阅读理解。     Memory is the ability to keep track of things that have happened in the past. Memory really is
learning. One needs memory to ride a bicycle. A dog needs to remember if it is to come when called.
     Memory is said to be stored in the brain as a "memory trace(记忆痕)." What makes up this trace
is not known. Some scientists believe that certain chemical substances may carry certain memories.
For example, one substance, when given to rats, causes them to fear the dark.
     Other research into memory has to do with how the brain works. Psychologists use three means
to find out how a person remembers. For example, give a person a grocery list. Let the person
memorize the list, then put it away. The most natural way to find out how much a person remembers
of the grocery list is to ask what he or she remembers. This is called the method of recall. Another
method is called recognition. Give the person another grocery list. Ask him or her to choose items on
the first list from the items that are on only the second list. Often a person will be able to recognize
things that he or she cannot recall. A third method of finding how much a person remembers is called
relearning. Here the person is asked to read over the first list. The person will probably learn the list
the second time faster than he did the first time. The difference in the time it takes to relearn the list is
thought of as a measure of how much a person has remembered.
     One way of remembering something is to repeat it many times. Interest is very important. Boring
lists of facts are much more difficult to remember than something that we understand and are interested
in. Motivation, or wanting to do something, is also important. Motivation is linked with reward. For
example, a hungry animal quickly learns how to do something if that action gets the animal food. In
humans, wanting to learn is often motivation. The praise of a teacher or the knowledge that an answer
is correct is rewarding.1. We can learn from the 2nd paragraph that ___________.A. bad memories may cause rats to fear the dark
B. it is hard to tell what a memory trace consists of
C. chemical substances carry certain memories
D. memory is stored in the brain as a substance2. The way to pick out the items on the first list from the second is known as ________ .         A. recognition
B. recall
C. memorization
D. relearning3. What is considered as a measure of how much one has remembered?           A. The length of the list.
B. The type of list items.
C. The time difference of relearning.
D. The time difference of brain working.4. A good way to train an animal to do something quickly is to ________.        A. make the action easy
B. praise it in words
C. reward it with food
D. weaken its motivation

答案

1-4:BACC

举一反三

阅读理解。     Scientists at Harvard University and Bates College find female chimpanzees (黑猩猩) appear to
treat sticks as dolls, carrying them around until they have children of their own. Young males engage
in such behavior much less frequently.
     The new work by Sonya M. Kahlenberg and Richard W. Wrangham, described this week in the
journal Current Biology, provides the first evidence of a wild nonhuman species playing with dolls, as
well as the first known sex difference in a wild animal"s choice of playthings.
    The two researchers say their work adds to a growing body of evidence that human children are
probably born with their own ideas of how they want to behave, rather than simply mirroring other
girls who play with dolls and boys who play with trucks. Doll play among humans could have its
origins in object-carrying by earlier apes (猿类), they say, suggesting that toy selection is probably
not due entirely to socialization.
     "In humans, there are obvious sex differences in children"s toy play, and these are remarkably
similar across cultures," says Kahlenberg. "While socialization by elders and peers has been the
primary explanation, our work suggests that biology may also have an important role to play in activity
preferences."
    In 14 years of data on chimpanzee behavior at the Kibale National Park in Uganda, Kahlenberg
and Wrangham counted more than 100 examples of stickcarrying. Some young chimpanzees carried
sticks into the nest to sleep with them and on one occasion built a separate nest for the stick. "We
have seen juveniles occasionally carrying sticks for many years, and because they sometimes treated
them rather like dolls, we wanted to know if in general this behavior tended to represent something
like playing with dolls," says Wrangham, a Professor at Harvard. "If the doll hypothesis (假设)
was right, we thought that females should carry sticks more than males do, and that the chimpanzees
should stop carrying sticks when they had their first child. We have now watched enough young
chimpanzees to prove both points." 1. What does a female chimpanzee do with sticks?A. She gives them to her child to play with.
B. She treats them as dolls.
C. She makes useful tools from them.
D. She treats them as weapons.2. What causes the different toy selection of chimpanzees, according to the passage?A. Sex difference.
B. Socialization.
C. Environment.
D. Cultural difference.3. We can infer from the fourth paragraph that ________.A. socialization has nothing to do with human"s choice of playthings
B. sex difference is the only factor in human"s choice of playthings
C. the biology factor may also influence toy choice
D. people choose different toys in different cultures4. It can be concluded from the passage that ________.A. both humans and chimpanzees choose their playthings due to sex difference
B. different factors cause humans and chimpanzees to choose different playthings
C. only female chimpanzees have playthings
D. chimpanzees usually choose playthings for their children

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阅读下面的短文,并根据短文后的要求答题。(请注意问题后的字数要求)

     Doctors say anger can be an extremely damaging, unless you learn how to deal with it. They warn
that anger can lead to heart disease, stomach problems, headaches, emotional problems and possibly
cancer.Anger is a normal emotion that we all feel from time to time, some people express anger openly
in a calm reasonable way. Others burst with anger, and scream and yell. But other people keep their
anger inside. They can not or will not express it. This is called ______________.
     For years many doctors thought that repressing anger was more dangerous to a person"s health than
expressing it. They said that when a person is angry, the brain release the same hormones(荷尔蒙). They
speed the heart rate, raise blood pressure, or sugar into the blood, etc. in general the person feels excited
and ready to act.
     Some doctors say that both repressing and expressing anger can be dangerous. They believe that those who express anger violently may be likely to develop heart disease, and they believe that those who keep
their anger inside may face a greater danger of high blood pressure.
     Doctors say the solution is learning how to deal with anger. They say the first step is to admit that you
are angry and to recognize the real cause of the anger, then decide if the cause is serious enough to get
angry about. If it is, they say, "Do not express your anger while angry. Wait until your anger has cooled
down and you are able to express yourself calmly and reasonably."
     Doctors say that a good way to deal with anger is to find humor in the situation that has made you
angry. They said that laughter is much healthier than anger.

1. What is the best title of the passage? (please answer within 10 words.)
______________________________________________________________2. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?
If you don"t express your anger, you may have more chances of having high blood pressure.
_____________________________________________________________________________3. Please fill in the blank with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. (please answer within 10 words.)
_____________________________________________________________________________4. What did you do when you became angry before? (please answer within 30 words.)
____________________________________________________________________________5. Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese.
________________________________________________

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阅读理解。     Kelly Reeves was getting ready for a trip when her phone slipped into a sink full of water. Panic
moment! She quickly picked up the wet phone and tried to turn it on, but nothing worked. Her first
reaction? She got dressed, drove to the nearest store, and bought a new model at full price.
     A new study finds that fear of losing your phone is a common illness. About 66 percent of those
surveyed suffer from nomophobia or "no mobile phone phobia". Interestingly, more women worry
about losing their phone than men.
     Fortunately, there"s a solution.
     The first step is to figure out if you have nomophobia. Checking your phone too often is one
thing,but the true sign of a problem is that you can"t conduct business or go about your routine when
the fear becomes so severe.
     Do you go to unusual lengths to make sure you have your phone? That"s another sign of a
problem.If you find you check your phone plenty of times per hour, or a total of an hour per day,
there may be a problem.
     Some of the treatments are similar to those for treating anxiety attacks: Leaving the phone behind
and not checking e-mail or text messages, and then learning to tolerate the after anxiety. Even if this
leads to a high level of worry and stress, the solution is to push through the fear and learn to deal
with not having your phone.
     Of course, there are also technological alternatives. Luis Levy, a co-founder at Novy PR, says
he uses an application called Cerberus that can automatically track the location of his phone. To
find it, he can just go to a Web site and see the phone"s location.
     He also insures his phone through a service called Asurion. The company"s description of its
product reads like a prescription for anxiety: "60 million phones are lost, stolen or damaged each
year. You"ll have complete peace of mind knowing that your phone is protected and you can
quickly reconnect with family, friends and work, as soon as the very next day!"1. Why does the author mention Kelly"s experience in the first paragraph?A. To introduce the topic for discussion.
B. To inform us that mobile phones are useful.
C. To warn us that we should be careful.
D. To tell us we should get phones ready for a trip.2. The underlined word "nomophobia" in Paragraph 2 means ________.A. Habits of using mobile phones.
B. Fear of losing mobile phones.
C. Eagerness for new mobile phones.
D. Independence of mobile phones.3. Which of the following is a way to treat nomophobia?A. Avoiding using phone for some time
B. Learning more about modern technology.
C. Protecting one"s phone against any damage.
D. Not using a mobile phone in one"s daily work.4. Why can the service called Asurion help to treat nomophobia?A. It lets you know other people also lose their phones.
B. It will give you a new phone through insurance.
C. It enables you to reconnect with your acquaintance.
D. It gives you a prescription to treat nomophobia.5. What is the passage mainly about? A. Attitude toward mobile phone.
B. New mobile phone technology.
C. Disadvantages of mobile phone.
D. Solutions to nomophobia

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完型填空。     One of the most remarkable things about the human mind is our ability to imagine the future. In our 1
we can see what has not yet happened. For example, while we are looking forward to 2   a new place or country, we  3   what it will be like. We predict the   4   people will eat, dress and act. Of course, we do
not always predict things    5    . things are often very different from the way we   6   them to be.
     One of the   7   dreams in history is the dream of the German scientist, Kekule, who had been   8    to work out a very difficult problem in physics. He had    9   and analyzed (分析) the problem from every
angle (角度) for days, but there   10   to be no way of    11   out the answer. Then one night he went to
bed and dreamed. When he   12   up, he realized that he knew the answer. He had solved the problem in
his   13   .
     The hypnotist (催眠者) sat in the chair opposite him and spoke   14   : I want you to concentrate on
my voice. Think about   15   .You know nothing but my voice. And as you pay attention to my voice, your
  16  will get heavier. Soon you"ll be asleep.
     You will hear my voice and   17   my words, but your body will be asleep, your eyes are too heavy.
You are   18   asleep, and when you wake up you will  19   nothing.
     You will forget everything. Now I am going to   20   slowly from one to five. One, two, three, four, five.(     )1. A. brains
(     )2. A. visiting
(     )3. A. imagine
(     )4. A. custom
(     )5. A. quickly
(     )6. A. required
(     )7. A. funny
(     )8. A. managing
(     )9. A. studied
(     )10. A. used
(     )11. A. making
(     )12. A. gave
(     )13. A. dream
(     )14. A. softly
(     )15. A. everything
(     )16. A. eyes
(     )17. A. believe
(     )18. A. really
(     )19. A. accept
(     )20. A. count     B. senses
B. seeking
B. know
B. habit
B. simply
B. wished
B. dull
B. trying
B. learned
B. ought
B. finding
B. sat
B. lesson
B. loudly
B. something
B. feet
B. repeat
B. extremely
B. remember
B. say      C. minds
C. reaching
C. feel
C. style
C. correctly
C. left
C. famous
C. thinking
C. discussed
C. seemed
C. turning
C. woke
C. research
C. slowly
C. nothing
C. head
C. take
C. actually
C. hear
C. add      D. sights
D. discovering
D. guess
D. way
D. neatly
D. expected
D. silly
D. hoping
D. researched
D. had
D. letting
D. got
D. exercise
D. firmly
D. anything
D. body
D. understand
D. almost
D. receive
D. speak

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阅读理解。     To lift something from the floor correctly, first bend your knees and squat down. Keep your back
and hips(臀部) and waist (腰部) in a line. If you bend over, the muscles ( ~ I$1 ) in your lower back
can become hurt easily. If you keep your back and hips straight, the muscles are stronger, because they
have much more support. The other muscles can then help the lower back muscles.
     As you squat down, try to get close to the object as possible. For example, if you are going to pick
up a heavy box, squat down directly in front of it.
     Maybe you will have to spread your knees and legs. Put one knee on each side of the box. Remember at all times to keep your back straight.
     Put your hands under the object that is in front of you, between your knees.
     To lift the object, you should stand up slowly. Use your muscles in order to stand up. In other words,
lift with your legs, not with your back. 1. The underlined word "squat" means________. A. to bend over your waist
B. to bend yourself by bending your legs
C. to lower yourself by bending your legs
D. to stand straight 2. You should keep your back straight so that________. A. the muscles can" t be hurt
B. the muscles will have more support
C. you seem to be stranger
D. you will get more muscles 3. The correct way to lift something heavy from the floor is________. A. to bend over from your waist first
B. to bend your knees and squat down first
C. to keep your back in a line
D. to put your hands under the object 4. What lifts the object in fact? A. The muaelea of your arms.
B. The muscles of your back.
C. Your hands.
D. Your leg muscles.

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