In most situations, light helps us see. But when it comes to looking at the nigh

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In most situations, light helps us see. But when it comes to looking at the nigh

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In most situations, light helps us see. But when it comes to looking at the night sky, light is actually a kind of pollution. It prevents our view of some of life’s most striking sights: stars, planets, and even galaxies.
“When I was a little boy, I loved the night sky. I remember looking up and the sky was filled with stars. I became an astronomer because I was amazed by their beauty,” says Robert gent, “Now in most big cities kids can’t see the stars like I did.”
Normally, about 2,500 individual stars are visible to the naked eye without using any special equipment. But because of light pollution, you actually see just 200 to 300 and fewer than a dozen from some cities. Only one in three Americans can see our own galaxy (星系) with the naked eye. Those people live far away from the lights of big cities, office building, and shopping malls.
Fortunately, there’s an inexpensive and useful way. If we shine lights down at the ground instead of up into the sky, and use lower brightness levels, we can save big amounts of energy and keep the beauty of the night skies. Many cities and towns have passed laws limiting lights at night, making sure enough shine for safety without creating much light pollution.
Light pollution affects more than our view of the heavens and can harm wildlife. Migrating (迁移) birds sometimes fly over cities and become confused by the brightness, flying in circles until they drop from exhaustion. Sea turtles need dark beaches for nesting and won’t approach bright lights. Too much light at night may even affect human health. For all these reasons, researchers are working on ways to use light only when and where they are truly needed. Everyone deserves to look up at the sky.
小题1:According to the text, using our naked eyes, ______________.
A．people in remote areas can see more stars than those in big cities
B．over one third Americans can see our own galaxy
C．about one in three Americans in big cities can see our own galaxy
D．Americans can only see 200 to 300 stars
小题2:Many cities and towns have passed laws limiting lights at night mainly to _________.
A．save the electricityB．make sure of cities’ safety
C．let you count the number of starsD．avoid much light pollution
小题3:In how many ways will the light pollution do harm?
A．OneB．TwoC．ThreeD．Four
小题4:The underlined word “exhaustion” in the last paragraph means “_________”.
A．air pollutionB．tirednessC．breathD．brightness

答案

小题1:A
小题2:D
小题3:C
小题4:B
解析
略
举一反三

第二部分语言知识及应用（共两节, 满分35分）
第一节：完形填空（共10小题，每小题2分，满分20分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从21—30各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Secondhand smoke clearly kills people and the only way to control it is to ban smoking in all workplaces, US Surgeon-General Dr Richard Carmona said.
In 1964Surgeon General’s report first laid out the  21  of smoking. Years later, in another report Dr Richard Carmona  22  the effects of secondhand smoke and said no one should be forced to inhale it.
“Secondhand smoke causes early death and disease in children and in   23  who do not smoke,” the report reads. “Children   24  to secondhand smoke are at an increased risk for sudden infant death syndrome（综合症）, acute respiratory（呼吸道） infections, and ear problems,” it adds.
Smoking by   25   causes respiratory symptoms and slows lung growth in their children. A 2005 report from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found that 430  26  died every year in the United States from sudden infant death syndrome-all   27  by secondhand smoke.
States,  28  and other local authorities have battled over instituting（制定）smoking bans. Some   29  , especially bars and restaurants, have said they will lose business if smoking is completely banned. But the report said it is impossible to protect non-smokers even with designated smoking areas, and at least one report from California, which has strict bans, has shown no   30  on businesses.
21．A．advantages       B．dangers       C．poisons     D．elements

2,4,6


 
22．A．neglected     B．gained         C．detailed    D．conquered23．A．gentlemen     B．mothers       C．youngstersD．adults
24．A．exposed       B．resisted        C．reported    D．invited
25．A．audiences     B．authorities     C．patients     D．parents
26．A．teenagers     B．elders          C．mothers    D．newborns
27．A．obtained      B．created        C．caused      D．abandoned
28．A．countries     B．cities         C．schools     D．businesses
29．A．stores          B．headquarters     C．businesses D．factories
30．A．comment     B．impact         C．attack       D．affect
题型：不详难度：| 查看答案

Tears are nature"s way of making us feel more comfortable. When our eyes is made uncomfortable by some small pieces of pollution, or when we are cutting onions, or when we are exhausted and “red –eyes” from over work and late hours, tears form in our eyes to clean and re-flesh them.
Tears are also a sign of strong emotion. We cry when we are sad and we cry when we are happy.
And tears seem to be uniquely（唯独）human. We know that animals also experience emotion—fear, pleasure, loneliness — but they do not shed （流） tears. From this, we can conclude that tears are closely related to the emotional and biological make up of the human species.
Biologically speaking, tears are actually drops of saline fluid, which is a little bit salty, produced by a gland（腺）in the body. Because salt is an important component, tears may actually constitute the most conclusive evidence that the human animal is the end product of a long evolutionary process that began in the sea.
And it is clear that, in addition to（除了） the emotional benefits（好处）, the shedding of tears has a specific biological function as well. Through tears, we can eliminate from our body certain chemicals which build up in response to stress and create a chemical imbalance in the body. Crying actually makes us feel better by correcting that imbalance and making us feel good again. And thus the emotional and the biological functions of tears merge（合并）into one and make us even more "human" than we would otherwise be.
68．According to the passage, human beings may have originated（起源于）in________.
A．the sea             B．the salt        C．chemicals      D．animals
69．Which of the following is NOT a function of tears?
A．Biological       B．Emotional   C．Political   D．Chemical
70．According to the article, which of the following is unique to humans?
A．The feeling of loneliness.         B．The state of feeling good.
C．The ability to shed tears          D．The feeling of fear
71．The underlined word “eliminate” probably means_______.
A．add            B．produce       C．replace        D．remove
题型：不详难度：| 查看答案

第三部份： 阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）
A
Some people think that they will get ill if they use their brains (大脑) too much.. It is not true. Through many studies, scientists show us that the more you use your brains, the better it will be, and the cleverer you will become.
Of course, if you want to keep your mind clear and active, you must take a proper rest and study properly. To the teenagers, using their brains in the morning is good for their health.
There are many ways to rest. One is a peaceful rest. Sleep is a peaceful rest. Another is an active rest. For example, take a walk outdoors, do more exercises every day. To change the way of the brains’ activities is also a good way to rest.
In everyday life, to eat some eggs, meat, fresh vegetables and fruit（水果）is also good for the brains.
Wish you a wise man and a happy life.
56. According to the writer of the passage, our brains should be used _________.
A. hardly           B. seldom          C. more often               D. at times
57. Which is true?
A. Illness comes from the fact the brains are used too much.
B. Fruits are the most important for the brains.
C. The brains will be better if they are used often.
D. Sleep is the only way of having a rest.
58. Which of the following can be used as the best title for the passage?
A. How to use your brains                     B. How to rest
C. How to become a wise man                 D. Keep your mind clear
题型：不详难度：| 查看答案

D
Providing small classes for at least several grades starting in early primary school gives students the best chance to succeed in late grades, according to groundbreaking new research from a Michigan State University scholar.
The research by Spyros Konstantopoulos, a professor of education, is the first to examine the effects of class size over a period and for all levels of students. The study appears in the American Journal of Education.
He is also a member of a group for the Department of Education’s Instiute of Education Sciences that will give official advice on class size to the states. He said the advice will mirror his research: the best plan is to provide continuous small classes(13 to 17 students) for at least several years starting in kindergarten or first grade.
“For a logn time states thought they could just do it in kindergarten or first grade for one year and get the benefits,” He said. “I don’t believe that. I think you need at least a few years in a row where all students, and especially low-achievers, receive the treatment, and then you see the benefits later.”
His research used data from the Project Star study in Tennessee that analyzed the effects of class size on more than 11,000 students in primary and middle school. He found that students who had been in small classes from kindergarten through third grade had actually higher test scores in grades four through eight than students who been in larger classes early on.
Students from all achievement levels benefited from small classes, the research found. “But low-achievers benefited the most, which narrowed the achievement gap with high –achievers in science, reading and math, ” he said.
Although the study didn’t consider classroom practices, he said the reason for the narrowing gap is likely due to low-achieving students receiving more attention from teachers.
“This is especially important in poorer schools because teacher effectiveness matters more in schools with more disadvantaged and low-performing students, ” he said.
48．The professor argues about ________ .
A．the size of the class
B．the period of the class
C．the attention from teachers
D．the achievements of students
49．The result of the research shows that _________.
A．small classes for one year in early grade are enough
B．continuous small classes help students achieve more
C．it’s best to attend small classes in kindergarten
D．small classes do equal good to students of all levels
50．What can we infer from the passage?
A．High achievers will not benefit from small classes.
B．Continuous small classes have not been widely accepted.
C．Low-achievers should be separated from high-achievers.
D．Teachers’ attention matters less than classroom practices.
51．The underlined word “This” in the last paragraph refers to _______.
A．the gap between low and high achievers
B．continuous small classes
C．classroom practices in later grades
D．the Project Star Sturdy
题型：不详难度：| 查看答案
However important we may regard school life to be, we can’t ignore the fact that children spend more time at home than in the classroom. Therefore the great influence of parents can’t be ignored or discounted by the teacher. They can become strong supports of the school or they can consciously or unconsciously prevent the school from accomplishing its aims.
Administrators have been aware of the need to keep parents apprised of the newer methods used in schools. Many principals have conducted workshops explaining such matters as the reading readiness program and developmental math.
Moreover, the classroom teacher can also play an important role in explaining to parents what they should do. The informal tea and the many interviews carried on during the year, as well as new ways of reporting pupils’ progress, can significantly aid the interchanged of ideas between school and home.
Suppose that a father has been drilling Junior in arithmetic processes night after night. In a friendly interview, the teacher can help the parent change his method. He might be persuaded to let Junior participate in discussing he family budget, buying the food, using a measuring cup at home, setting the clock, calculating mileage on a trip and engaging in scores of other activities that have a mathematical basis.
If the father follows the advice, it is reasonable to assume that he will soon realize his son is making satisfactory progress in math and at the same time, enjoying the work.
Too often, however, teachers’ conferences with parents are devoted to unimportant accounts of children’s wrongdoing, complaints about laziness and poor work habits, and suggestions for punishments and rewards at home.
What is needed is a more creative approach in which the teacher, as a professional advisor, plants ideas in parents’ minds for the best use of the many hours that the child spends out of the classroom. In this way, the school and the home join forces in fostering the fullest development of youngsters’ competence.
小题1:The underlined phrase “keep parents apprised of” (Line 1, Para. 2) probably means to let parents         .
A．judgeB．knowC．designD．develop
小题2:What is the purpose of the schools’ informal tea and interviews?
A．To improve the relationship between teacher and parents.
B．To explain to parents the change of the school curriculum.
C．To report students’ misdoings and suggestions for punishments.
D．To help develop good communication between school and home.
小题3:Why does the author provide all example in Paragraph 4？
A．To help parents to know the importance of home activities.
B．To show how the teacher can guide in home training.
C．To prove parents all non professional advisors.
D．To advice parents to teach kids math at home.
小题4:From the passage we learn that the author      .
A．thinks teachers should do better as professionals
B．is worried about children’s performance at home
C．is satisfied with the present state of school education
D．believes time spent out of the classroom has been wasted@m

题型：不详难度：| 查看答案
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