For years we have been told that encouraging a child’s self-respect is important
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For years we have been told that encouraging a child’s self-respect is important to his or her success in life. But child experts are now learning that too much praise can lead to the opposite effect. Praise-sholic kids who expect it at every turn may become teens who seek to same kind of approval from friends when asked if they want to go in the backseat of the car.
The implication(含义) of saying “You are the prettiest girl in class,” or talking about the goals she succeed but not her overall effort, is that you love her only when she looks the best, scores she highest, achieves the most. And this carries over to the classroom.
Social psychologist Carrol Dweck, PhD, tested the effects of overpraise on 400 fifth graders while she was at Columbia University. She found that kids praised for “trying hard” did better on tests and were more likely to take on difficult assignments than those praised for being “smart”.
“Praising attributes(品质) or abilities makes a false promise that success will come to you because you have that quality, and it devalues effort, so children are afraid to take on challenges, ” says Dweck, now at Stanford University, “They figure they’s better quit while they’re ahead.”
小题1:The underlined words “Praise-sholic kids” refers to kids who are ______.| A．tired of being praised | B．worthy of being praised | | C．very proud of being praised | D．extremely fond of being praised |
小题2:The author quoted(引用) Dr. Dweck’s words in the last paragraph in order to make the article
_____. | A．better-known | B．better-organized | C．more percussive | D．more interesting |
小题3:We can infer from the passage that _____.| A．praise for efforts should be more encouraged | | B．praise for results works better than praise for efforts | | C．praising a child’s achievements benefits his or her success in life | | D．praising a child’s abilities encourage him or her to take on challenges |
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答案
小题1:D
小题2:C
小题3:A |
解析
小题1:词义猜测题。从前文中too much praise can lead to the opposite effect. Praise-sholic kids who expect it at every turn看。it应该指too much praise。
小题2:推理判断题。从第四段引用Dr. Dweck’s 的话，让人看到这种表扬会导致孩子们退缩，害怕挑战，从而使文章更具震撼力。
小题3:推理判断题。从第三段She found that kids praised for “trying hard” did better on tests and were more likely to take on difficult assignments than those praised for being “smart”.可以得知。 |
举一反三
B
Domestic (驯养的) horses now pull ploughs, race in the Kentucky Derby, and carry police. But early horses weren’t tame (驯服的) enough to perform these kinds of tasks. Scientists think the first interactions humans had with horses were far different from those today.
Thousands of years ago, people killed the wild horses that lived around them for food. Over time, people began to catch the animals and raise them. This was the first step in domestication.
As people began to tame and ride horses, they chose to keep those animals that had more desirable characteristics. For example, people may have chosen to keep horses that had a gentle personality so they could be ridden more easily. People who used horses to pull heavy loads would have chosen to keep stronger animals. Characteristics like strength are partly controlled by the animals’ genes. So as the domesticated horses reproduced, they passed the characteristics on to their young. Each new generation of houses would show more of these chosen characteristics.
Modern day horse breeds come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes. This variety didn’t exist in the horse population before domestication. The Shetland horse is one of the smallest breeds—typically reaching only one meter tall. With short, strong legs, the animals were bred to pull coal out of mine shafts (矿井) with low ceilings. Huge horses like the Clydesdale came on the scene around 1700. People bred these heavy, tall horses to pull large vehicles used for carrying heavy loads.
The domestication of horses has had great effects on societies. For example, horse were important tools in the advancement of modern agriculture. Using them to pull ploughs and carry heavy loads allowed people to farm more efficiently. Before they were able to ride horses, humans had to cross land on foot. Riding horses allowed people to travel far greater distance in much less time. That encouraged populations living in different areas to interact with one another. The new from of rapid transportation helped cultures spread around the world.
小题1:Before domestication horses were ______.| A．caught for sports | B．hunted for food | | C．made to pull ploughs | D．used to carry people |
小题2:The author uses the Shetland horse as an example to show ______.| A．it is smaller than the Clydesdale horse | B．horse used to have gentle personalities | | C．some horses have better shaped than others | | D．horses were of less variety before domestication |
小题3:Horses contributed to the spread of culture by ______.| A．carrying heavy loads | B．changing farming methods | | C．serving as a means of transport | D．advancing agriculture in different areas |
小题4:The passage is mainly about _______.| A．why humans domesticated horses | B．how humans and horses needed each other | | C．why horses came in different shapes and sizes | | D．how human societies and horses influenced each other |
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C
Being able to multitask—doing several things at the same time—is considered a welcome skill by most people. But if we consider the situation of the young people aged from eight to eighteen, we should think again.
What we often see nowadays is that young people juggle an ever larger number of electronic devices(电子产品)as they study. While working, they also surf on the Internet, send out emails, answer the telephone and listen to music on their iPods. In a sense, they are spending a significant amount of time in fruitless efforts as they multitask.
Multitasking is even changing the relationship between family members. As young people around them. They can no longer greet family members when they enter the house, nor can they cat at the family table.
Multitasking also affects young people’s performance at university and in the workplace. When asked about their opinion of the effect of modern gadgets(器具)on their performance of tasks, many young people gave a positive response(反应). However, the response from the worlds of education and business was not quite as positive. Educators feel that multitasking by children has a serious effect on later development of study skills. They believe that many college students now need help to improve their study skills. Similarly, employers feel that young people entering the job market need to be taught all over again, as modern gadgets have made it unnecessary for them to learn special skills to do their work.
小题1:What does the underlined word “juggle” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?| A．Want to buy | B．Take the place of. | | C．Use at the same time | D．Seek for information from. |
小题2:In Paragraph 3, the author points out that .| A．family members do not cat at the family table | | B．family member do not greet each other | | C．young people live happily in their families | | D．young people seldom talk with their family members |
小题3:What is the main idea of the last paragraph?| A．Multitasking is harmful to young people’s development. | | B．Young people benefit a lot from modern gadgets | | C．Multitasking is an important skill to young people. | | D．Young people must learn skills for future jobs. |
小题4:The author develops the passage mainly by .| A．providing typical examples | B．following the natural time order | | C．comparing opinions from different fields | | D．presenting a cause and analyzing its effects |
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In recent years many countries of the world have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more productive. Some experts say the ___1___ is to make jobs more varied(多样的). But do more varied jobs ___2___ greater productivity? There is evidence to suggest that ___3___variety certainly makes the worker’s life more enjoyable, it doesn’t ___4___ make him work harder. As far as increasing productivity is concerned, then, ___5___ is not an important factor.
Other experts feel that giving the worker___6___ to do his job in his own way is important, and there is no doubt that this is true. The ___7___ is that this kind of freedom can’t easily be given in the modern factory with its complicated(复杂的) machinery which must be used in a ___8___ way. Thus while freedom of choice may be important, there is usually very little that can be done to ___9___ it.
Another important ___10___ is how much each worker ___11___ to the product he is making. In most factories the worker ___12___ only one small part of the product. Some car factories are now ___13___ with having many small production lines rather than one large one, so that each worker contributes more to the production of the cars on his___14___. It would seem that not only is degree of worker contribution an important factor ___15___ it is one we can do something about.
To what___16___ does more money lead to greater productivity? The workers themselves certainly think this is ___17___. But perhaps they want more money only because the work they do is so boring. ___18___ just lets them enjoy their spare time more. A ___19___ argument may explain demands for shorter working hours. Perhaps if we ___20___ making their jobs more interesting, they will neither want more money, nor will shorter working hours be so important to them.
1. A. answer B. course C. attempt D. system
2. A. run across B. lead to C. result from D. pick up
3. A. because B. as C. while D. as though
4. A. mentally B. physically C. carefully D. actually
5. A. variety B. relaxation C. creativity D. machinery
6. A. judgement B. freedom C. direction D. comfort
7. A. secret B. skill C. problem D. strength
8. A. amusing B. dull C. changeable D. fixed
9. A. use B. create C. supply D. fear
10. A. measure B. invention C. consideration D. work
11. A. lies B. sticks C. objects D. contributes
12. A. likes B. equips C. transports D. sees
13. A. tired B. pleased C. worrying D. experimenting
14. A. own B. will C. line D. hand
15. A. but B. and C. so D. however
16. A. extent B. quality C. store D. difference
17. A. natural B. important C. worrying D. unbelievable
18. A. Rest B. Sports C. Money D. Playing
19. A. complete B. friendly C. given D. similar
20. A. advise B. succeed in C. object to D. are tried of |
Pet owners are being encouraged to take their animals to work , a move scientists say can be good for productivity , workplace morale (士气), and the well-being of animals .
A study found that 25% of Australian women would like to keep an office pet . Sue Chaseling of Petcare Information Service said the practice of keeping office pets was good both for the people and the pets . “On the pets’ side , they are not left on their own and won’t feel lonely and unhappy,” she said . A study of major US companies showed that 73% found office pets beneficial (有益的) , while 27% experienced a drop in absenteeism (缺勤).
Xarni Riggs has two cats walking around her Global Hair Salon in Paddington . “My customers love them. They are their favorites ,” she said . “They are not troublesome . They know when to go and have a sleep in the sun .”
Little black BJ has spent nearly all his two years “working” at Punch Gallery in Balmain . Owner Iain Powell said he had had cats at the gallery for 15 years . “BJ often lies in the shop window and people walking past tap on the glass ,” he said .
Ms Chaseling said cats were popular in service industries because they enabled a point of conversation . But she said owners had to make sure both their co-workers and the cats were comfortable .
小题1:The percentage of American companies that are in favor of keeping office pets is .小题2:We know from the text that “BJ” | A．works in the Global Hair Salon | | B．often greets the passers-by | | C．likes to sleep in the sun | | D．is a two-year-old cat |
小题3:The best title for this text would be .| A．Pets Help Attract Customers | | B．Your Favorite Office Pets | | C．Pets Join the Workforce | | D．Busy Life for Pets |
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Taiwan police cannot decide whether to treat it as an extremely eleven act of stealing or an even cleverer cheat . Either way , it could be the perfect crime (犯罪), because the criminals are birds—horning pigeons !
The crime begins with a telephone message to the owner of a stolen car : if you want the car back, pay up then, the car owner is directed to a park, told where to find a bird cage and how to attach money to the neck of the pigeon inside . Carrying the money in a tiny bag , the pigeon flies off .
There have been at least four such pigeon pick-ups in Changwa. What at first seemed like the work of a clever stay-at-home car thief, however , may in face be the work of an even lazier and more inventive criminal mind—one that avoid (避免)not only colleting money but going out to steal the car in the first place . Police officer Chen says that the criminal probably has pulled a double trick: he gets money for things he cannot possibly return . Instead of stealing cars , he lets someone else do it and then waits for the car-owner to place an ad (启事) in the newspaper asking for help .
The theory is supported by the fact that , so far , none of the stolen cars have been returned . Also, the amount of money demanded-under 3,000 Taiwanese dollars –seems too little for a car worth many times more .
Demands for pigeon-delivered money stopped as soon as the press reported the story. And even if they start again, Chen holds little hope of catching the criminal . “We have more important things to do, ” he said .
1．After the car owner received a phone call. He
A．went to a certain pigeon and put some money in the bag it carried
B．gave the money to the thief and had his car back in a park
C．sent some money to the thief by mail
D．told the press about it
2．The “lazier and more inventive” criminal refers to .
A．the car thief who stays at home
B．one of those who put the ads in the paper
C．one of the policemen in Changwa
D．the owner of the pigeons
3．The writer mentions the fact that “none of the stolen cars have been returned” to show .
A．how easily people get fooled by criminals
B．what Chen thinks might be correct
C．the thief is extremely clever
D．the money paid is too little
4．The underlined word “they” in the last paragraph refers to .
A．criminals B．pigeons
C．the stolen cars D．demands for money
5．We may infer from the text that the criminal knows how to reach the car owners because .
A．he reads the ads in the newspaper
B．he lives in the same neighborhood
C．he has seen the car owners in the park
D．he has trained the pigeons to follow them |
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