ERight and WrongSuppose you work in a library, checking people"s books as they l
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E
Right and Wrong
Suppose you work in a library, checking people"s books as they leave, and a friend asks you to let him steal a hard-to-find reference book that he wants to own.
You might hesitate （犹豫）to agree for various reasons. You might be afraid that he"ll be caught, and that both you and he will then get into trouble. You might want the book to stay in the library so that you can read it yourself.
But you may also think that what he proposes is wrong -- that he shouldn"t do it and you shouldn"t help him. If you think that , what does it mean, and what, if anything, makes it true?
To say it"s wrong is not just to say it"s against the rules. There can be bad rules which stop what isn"t wrong -- like a company rule against criticizing the boss. A rule can also be bad because it requires something that is wrong -- like a law that looks down upon black people in hotels and restaurants. The ideas of wrong and right are different from the ideas of what is and is not against the rules.
If you think it would be wrong to help your friend steal the book, then you will feel uncomfortable about doing it" in some way you won"t want to do it, even if you are also unwilling to refuse to help a friend. Where does the desire not to do it come from? What is its motive （动机）behind it?
There are various ways in which something can be wrong, but in this case, if you had to explain it, you"d probably say that it would be unfair to other users of the library. They may be just as interested in the book as your friend is, but read it in the reference room, where anyone who needs it can find it.
These thoughts have to do with effects on others -- not necessarily effects on their feelings, since they may never find out about it, but some kind of damage. In general, the thought that something is wrong depends on its impact （影响力）not just on the person who does it but on other people.
77．The following may be the reasons why the librarian dos not want to help his friend except that
A．he is afraid that his friend might get into trouble.
B．he himself might get into trouble.
C．he believes it is wrong to help one’s poor friend.
D．he wants to read the book himself.
78．Why does the author give some examples of bad rules?
A．Because those rules are said to be strongly negative（否定）.
B．Because he wants to show that rules are not the criteria（标准）for judging right or wrong.
C．Because those rules are made in order to stop what is wrong.
D．Because he wants to support the argument that stealing a book is not a crime.
79．In the sentence “What is its motive（动机）behind it?” (Paragraph 4), “it ” refers to .
A．the “it ” in the phrase “the desire not to do it”.
B． “the desire” in the phrase “the desire not to do it”.
C．the idea of Paragraph 5.
D．the idea of helping the friend.
80．According to the passage, the author would judge what is wrong
A．by what is or is not against the rules.
B．by its impact on other people.
C．by one’s thoughts and feelings towards it.
D．by the kind of damage it does to othes. |
答案
小题1:C
小题2:B
小题3:B
小题4:B |
解析
| 略 |
举一反三
E
Is it time to kick Russia out of the BRICs （金砖四国）? If so, it may end up sounding like a famous ball-point pen maker-BIC. An argument is being made that Goldman Sach’s famous marketing device（策略）,the BRICs, should really be the BICs.
“Is Russia really worth the name BRICs?” asks Anders Aslund, senior fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics, in an article for Foreigh Policy. Aslund, who is also co-author with Andrew Kuchins of “The Russian Balance Sheet”, thinks the Russia of Putin and Medvedev is just not worthy of inclusion alongside Brazil, India and China in the list of future economic powerhouses. He writes:
“The country’s economic performance has fallen to such a weak level that one must ask whether it has any say at all on the global economy, compared with the other members of its group. I have just returned from Moscow, which is always dull around this season. For the last seven years, Russia has taken very few measures to improve its economy. Instead, the state has been living on oil and gas. ”
Economically, Aslund has the numbers on his side. The International Monetary Fund figures that the Russian economy will fall by 6.7 percent in 2009, while Vhina will grow 8.5 percent and India 5.4 percent. There is less of a case for Brazil, with a fall of 0.7 percent, but it is still doing far better than Russia.
But the BRICs are not just about economy. As is mentioned above, it is a marketing device to encourage investors to focus on the big promising players. From an investment standpoint, it could be argued that Russia is leading the BRICs. Its stock（股票）market is up 128 percent this year while around 80 percent is for the other three.
At very least, however, Russia’s economic underperformance and stock market outperfoumance does suggest it is indeed one of the group.
52．According to the passage, which country will enjoy the biggest increase in 2009?
A．China. B．Russia. C．Brazil. D．India.
53．According to Aslund, Russia shouldn’t be a BRIC partly because_______.
A．Russia’s economic performance is far worse than the other three
B．Russia’s leaders are not good at managing economy
C．Russia has taken effective measures to improve its economy
D．Russia will no longer attract investors from other countries
54．From the passage we know that ________.
A．Anders Aslund is working for the Russian government
B．Russia outperfoumed the other three countries in stock market
C．most people disagree Russia is included in BRICs
D．the BRICs would end up being the BICs sooner or later
55．The author seems to ________.
A．suggest it’s time to kick Russia out of the BRICs?
B．feel worried about the economy of the BRICs
C．think Russia is worth being one of the group
D．show disappointment to Russia’s economy |
D
Just outside the northern Italian town of Bra, there rises a church tower with a clock that is a half hour slow. Though not far from the industrial city of Turin，Bra smells of roses，and leisure（悠闲）is the law. It is both the home of an international movement that promotes slow food and one of Italian cities that have joined the slow cities. In Bra, the population is 27，866. The town fathers have declared that all small food shops be closed every Thursday and Sunday. They forbid cars in the town square. All fruits and vegetables served in local schools must be organic（有机的）. And as the movement goes well，the slow concept gradually spreads across Europe.
The argument for a Slow Europe is not only that it is good，but also that it can work. The Slow City Movement, which started in 1999，has improved local economies（经济）by promoting local goods and tourism. Young Italians are moving from larger cities to Bra，where unemployment is only 5 percent，about half the nationwide rate. Slow food and wine festivals draw thousands of tourists every year. Shops are doing well，many with sales rising at a rate of 15% per year.“This is our answer to the world，”says Paolo Saturnini，the founder of Slow Cities.
France is in favor of slow economics. Most outsiders have long been doubtful of the French model：short hours and long vacations. Yet the French are more productive than those in the United States and Britain，and have been for years.
The mystery of French productivity has risen an Europe-wide debate about the advantages of working more slowly.
63．The church clock that is a half hour slow serves as a symbol of __________.
A．industrial development B．slow movement
C．global economy D．city growth
64．The low unemployment in Bra proves that__________.
A．the population is not large
B．tourism brings great job chance
C．the Slow City Movement is successful
D．the slow concept works well only in its birthplace
65．It can be inferred from the passage that__________.
A．British workers work longer hours than the French
B．French workers work longer hours than the Italians
C．Italian workers are less productive than the Americans
D．American workers are more productive than the British
66．The increased French productivity tends to__________.
A．favor a fast life style
B．throw doubt on slow economics
C．encourage a slow economic growth
D．confirm advantages of slow economics |
第二节：完形填空(共20小题，每小题1．5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36～55各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Throughout history，people have been the victims of pickpockets．Today， 36 is one of the most rapidly increasing 37 ．Pickpockets are increasing 38 and developing better methods to Practice their skill． 39 one million Americans lose money to pickpockets every year．No one is really safe 40 a skilled pickpocket．His victims，or“marks” 41 they are rolled，can be rich or poor，young or old． 42 the 18th century，pickpockets 43 in England．Large crowds of people would gather to watch the hanging 44 was supposed to be a warning to other pickpockets． 45 ，in time the practice Was discontinued．
Police officials say that most 46 pickpockets come from South America． 47 these expert pickpockets 48 in special schools called Jingle Bell School．A pickpocket graduates from a J．B． 4 9 he is able to steal a wallet from a dressed dummy that has 50 inside its pockets!
Some of the 51 places of pickpockets are banks，airports，supermarkets，trains and bus stations． 52 a pickpocket will work with another pickpocket 53 his partner． 54 being the victim of a pickpocket，it is 55 to be very careful when in the midst of large gatherings of people．
36．A．pick pocketing B．stealing pickpockets
C．to pickpocket D．to steal pickpockets
37．A．headaches B．faults C．mistakes D．crimes
38．A．by far B．at random C．in number D．out of order
39．A．Automatically B．Obviously C．Approximately D．Subsequently
40．A．against B．with C．out of D．from
41．A．since B．as C．so D．thus
42．A．At B．Since C．From D．During
43．A．were hanged B．would hang C．were hung D．must be hung
44．A．what B．of which C．which D．among whom
43．A．Therefore B．At once C．Because D．However
46．A．attractive B．convenient C．efficient D．serious
47．A．Much of B．A large amount of
C．Many of D．A great number
48．A．are researched B．specialize C．are trained D．major
49．A．where B．when C．although D．however
50．A．money B．jewelry C．bells D．rings
51．A．favorite B．liking C．favored D．be liked
52．A．Seldom B．Once C．Often D．Forever
53．A．like B．being C．for D．as
54．A．To avoid B．To neglect C．Trying not D．To forget
55．A．critical B．fortunately C．important D．obvious |
Reading is thought to be a kind of conversation between the reader and the text．The reader puts questions，as they were．to the text and get answers．In the light of these he puts further questions，and so on．
For most of the time this“conversation”goes on below the level of consciousness．At times，however，we become aware of it．This is usually when we are running into difficulties，when mismatch is occurring between expectations and meaning．When successful matching is being experienced，our questioning of the text continues at the unconscious level．
Different people converse with the text differently．Some stay very close to the words on the page；others take off imaginatively from words，interpreting，criticizing，analyzing and examining．The former represents a kind of comprehension that is written in the text，while the latter represents higher levels of comprehension．The balance between these is important，especially for advanced readers．
There is another conversation that from our point of view is important，and that has not to do with what is read but with how it is read．We call this a“process”conversation as opposed to a“content”，conversation．It is concerned not with meaning but with the strategies we employ in reading．If we are skilled readers，our ability to hold a content conversation with a text is usually pretty well developed．Not so our ability to hold a process conversation．It is just this kind of conversation that is of importance when we are seeking to develop our reading to meet the new demands being placed upon us by studying at a higher level．
40．Reading as a kind of conversation between the reader and the text becomes conscious only when .
A．the reader’s expectations agree with what is said in the text
B．the reader asks questions and gets answers
C．the reader has trouble understanding what the author says
D．successful matching is occurring
41．At a lower level of comprehension，readers tend to .
A．read a text slowly
B．read without thinking hard
C．interpret a text in their own way ．
D．concentrate on the meaning of words only
42．A“process”conversation has to do with .
A．the development of our ability to check the details
B．determining the main idea of a text
C．what reading material is read
D．the application of reading strategies
43．From the passage we know .
A．it’s important for readers to have conscious and unconscious levels of comprehension
B．readers should take a critical attitude towards the author’s ideas
C．readers should learn to use different approaches in reading different texts
D．readers should pay more attention to the content of a text |
五、Cloze test(完形填空)20分
In the last century there were not 1 big towns in the U.S. 2 there are today.Most towns in the country were small.And in these small towns,the general store was 3 people 4 the things they couldn"t made or grow at home.
5 the store sold 6 a good deal about life in the United States at that time.People bought tools that they needed on their farms.They bought salt,sugar,coffee and 7 that their farms didn"t produce.They bought articles of 8 that they could not make themselves,and cloth or other materials that the 9 would make into dresses for themselves,shirts for the men and clothes for their children.
Life in the 10 century America was 11 .One proves that most people were satisfied with what they had 12 still they looked forward 13 courage to whatever the future would 14 them.It would be interesting to know 15 they would feel about life in the world today. 16 to them that life is too complex,or would they be glad to see that life is 17 in the past?
Nobody will 18 know the 19 people at that time would enjoy life today or not.Perhaps man is always the same of his kind.They did take things for granted,and also they did try to make life more comfortable.We have to admit that it is the same 20 people at present.
1.A.many B.so many C.so much D.a lot of
2.A.where B.like C.what D.as
3.A.where B.for C.in which D.that
4.A.made B.bought C.sold D.paid for
5.A.That B.No matter C.Which D.What
6.A.says B.talks C.refers D.tells
7.A.other things B.another food C.other foods D.foods and drinks
8.A.clothes B.clothing C.dresses D.suits
9.A.farmers B.men C.women D.children
10.A.eighteenth B.nineteenth C.twentieth D.next
11.A.easy B.simple C.interesting D.tiresome
12.A.and which B.and yet C.and that D.but what
13.A.in B.to C.of D.with
14.A.bring B.take C.happen to D.serve
15.A.what B.whether C.that D.how
16.A.Did it appear B.Would it seem C.What did it seem D.What appeared
17.A.still what it used to be B.better than what it was
C.much more easier than D.no more than it was
18.A.never B.always C.once D.ever
19.A.truth that B.fact whether C.idea how D.information of
20.A.as B.for C.with D.like |
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