There is an old Chinese proverb that states "One Generation plants the trees; an
题型：不详难度：来源：
There is an old Chinese proverb that states "One Generation plants the trees; another gets the shade," and this is how it should be with mothers and daughters. The relationship between a mother and daughter is sometimes confusing. If close, the relationship can be similar to friendship. However, the mother and daughter relationship has unique characteristics that distinguish it from a friendship. These characteristics include a hierarchy (等级) of responsibility and unconditional love, which preclude mothers and daughters from being best friends.
Marina, 27 years old, says, "I love spending time with my mom, but I wouldn"t consider her my best friend. Best friends don"t pay for your wedding. Best friends don"t remind you how they carried you in their body and gave you life! Best friends don"t tell you how wise they are because they have been alive at least 20 years longer than you.” This doesn"t mean that the mother and daughter relationship can"t be very close and satisfying.
While some adult relationships are still troubled, many find them to be extremely rewarding. This generation of mothers and adult daughters has a lot in common which increases the likelihood of shared companionship. Mothers and daughters have always shared the common experience of being homemakers, responsible for maintaining and passing on family values and traditions. Today contemporary mothers and daughters also share the experience of the workforce and technology, which may bring them even closer together.
Best friends may or may not continue to be best friends, but for better or worse, the mother and daughter relationship is permanent, even if for some unfortunate reason they aren"t speaking. The mother and child relationship is closer than any other. There is not an equal relationship. Daughters should not feel responsible for their mother"s emotional well-being. It isn’t that they don"t care deeply about their mothers. It"s just that they shouldn"t be burdened with their mother"s well being.
The mother and daughter relationship is a relationship that is not replaceable by any other. Mothers never stop being mothers, which includes frequently wanting to protect their daughters and often feeling responsible for their happiness. Mother always "trumps" friend.
小题1:The underlined word “preclude” in Paragraph 1 probably means “_________”.| A．differ | B．prevent | C．benefit | D．change |
小题2:Why do many mothers and adult daughters keep a rewarding relationship?| A．Because they have a lot in common. | | B．Because they have common family values. | | C．Because they have no generation gap. | | D．Because they keep a constant relationship. |
小题3:What do we know from the passage?| A．The mother and daughter relationship can be replaced by a best friend. | | B．A mother’s love brings her and her daughter a close friendship. | | C．The mother and daughter relationship goes beyond best friends’ friendship. | | D．Marina has a troubled relationship with her mother. |
小题4:The author proves his statements mainly by _________.| A．listing data | B．giving explanations | C．quoting sayings | D．making examples |
小题5:What is the best title for the passage?| A．How to be a good mother and daughter | | B．Who is a mother’s best friend? | | C．A friend in need is a friend indeed. | | D．Can a mother be a daughter’s best friend? |
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答案
小题1:B
小题2:A
小题3:C
小题4:B
小题5:D |
解析
试题分析：
本文论述了“母女关系”，认为母女关系独具特点，不同于友谊，母亲与女儿不可能成为最好的朋友。作者认为，母女之间有许多共同之处，但是，友谊可能不再，母女关系永存、不可替代。友谊是双向的，但是母亲永远希望保护女儿、为女儿负责，女儿却不必为母亲的幸福承担责任。
小题1:词义推断题。母亲对女儿负有各种层次大小不等的责任和无条件的爱（a hierarchy of responsibility and unconditional love）。母女之间责任义务常常是单向的，不可能像朋友关系那样是双向的。这使她们不可能成为朋友。preclude后面的from提示其含义应为prevent. 故B项正确。
小题2:细节题。第三段…many find them to be extremely rewarding. This generation of mothers and adult daughters has a lot in common which increases the likelihood of shared companionship.说明母女之间的共同之处有助于增强相互关系的可能性，因而这是一种rewarding adult relationship. 故答案为A。
小题3:主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，本文论证的是母女关系不同于朋友关系但超越朋友关系。A，B两项与文章主旨不符，D项与第二段I love spending time with my mom 一句不符。故C项正确。
小题4:主旨大意题。问的是“论证方法”。本文采用的是“说理”的方法。故B项正确。A项“列数据”；C项“引名言”；D项“举实例”。
小题5:主旨大意题。全文论述的是母女不可能像最好的朋友。故D项正确。 |
举一反三
Science Daily (May 1S, 2012) - People who rate themselves as having high emotional intelligence (El) tend to overestimate (高估) their ability to detect deception(欺骗) in others. This is the finding of a paper published in the journal Legal and Criminological Psychology on 18 May 2012.
Professor Stephen Porter. director of the Centre for the Advancement of Psychological Science and Law at University of British Columbia Canada along with colleagues Dr. Leanne Brinke and Alysha Baker used a standard questionnaire to measure the EI of 116 participants.
These participants were then asked to view 20 videos from around the world of people pleading （祈求） for the safe return of a missing family member. In half the videos the person making the plea was responsible for the missing person"s disappearance or murder.
The participants were asked to judge whether the pleas were honest or deceptive say how much confidence they had in their judgments, report the clues (线索) they had used to make those judgments and rate their emotional response to each plea.
Professor Porter found that higher EI was associated with overconfidence in assessing the sincerity of the pleas and sympathetic feelings towards people in the videos who turned out to be responsible for the disappearance.
Although EI, in general, was not associated with being better or worse at telling the difference between truths and lies. people with a higher ability to notice and express emotion (a component of EI) were not so good at spotting when people were telling lies.
Professor Porter says: "Taken together, these findings suggest findings features of emotional intelligence and the decision-making processes they lead to may nave the paradoxical (适得其反的) effect of weakening people"s ability to detect deception."
"These findings are important because El is a well-accepted concept and is used in a variety of fields, including the workplace"
小题1:Which of the following is true about the study and its findings?| A．EI has something to do with telling truths and 1ies. | | B．The participants were asked to identify liars on the spot. | | C．The participants had to tell reasons for their judgments. | | D．Those confident participants all made wrong judgments. |
小题2:According to Professor Porter"s finding, people with higher EI| A．were actually less confident | | B．were easy to be cheated for their kindness | | C．had sympathy for the missing people | | D．were good at spotting deception |
小题3:What does the underlined word "they" refer to?| A．Features of EI | B．People with high Ef | C．The findings | D．The researchers |
小题4:Workplace is specially mentioned in the last paragraph to ______.| A．indicate that people with high EI are mostly adults | | B．indicate that EI is very important in the workplace | | C．warn employers not to trust employees with high EI | | D．warn people with high EI of deception in the workplace |
小题5:What is the best title for the passage?| A．How to detect deception in our daily life. | | B．The disadvantages of high emotional intelligence. | | C．The relationship between one"s El and recognition. | | D．Emotionally intelligent people are less good at spotting liars. |
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When asked why he or she wears clothes, some people will probably answer "to keep warm and to cover my body". These are the basic reasons why clothes are worn, but people also want to look attractive and appear successful to others.
If people only wore clothes for warmth and to cover their bodies, most clothes would be simple and cheap. In most Western countries, however, clothes are sometimes very expensive. The main reason for this is not the cost of the cloth or the cost of making the clothes. The clothes are expensive because of fashion.
Successful businessmen, for example, often wear very expensive suits, shirts and ties. Sometimes they pay thousands of dollars for a suit and hundreds of dollars for a tie. It’s just a suit and a tie but they pay these prices because of the famous name of the designer. A suit costing much less would be just as warm and would cover the wearer"s body just as well.
Fashion is always changing, which means those who want to be fashionable have to buy new clothes every few months, even if last month"s clothes have only been worn once or twice. Some people have wardrobes full of clothes that have hardly been worn but are no longer in fashion. Being fashionable, therefore, can be a very expensive pastime!
小题1: What do people basically wear clothes for?| A．Looking attractive to others. | B．Following the fashion. | | C．Appearing successful to others. | D．Keeping warm and covering bodies. |
小题2:The main reason why clothes are sometimes very expensive is that _______.| A．one has to buy new clothes | B．these clothes are in fashion | | C．the cost of the cloth is high | D．making clothes costs much |
小题3: We can learn from the passage that _______.| A．expensive clothes are not any warmer than cheap ones | | B．fashion is not always changing | | C．expensive clothes are warmer | | D．fashion designers like expensive clothes |
小题4:What does the underlined word “wardrobes” in Paragraph 4 mean?| A．Fashionable clothes shops. | B．The clothes that some people have. | | C．Cupboards for storing clothes. | D．Shelves used for keeping books. |
小题5: What is the passage mainly about?| A．Suits and ties. | B．Clothes and fashion. | | C．Beauty and success. | D．Cost and pastime. |
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Being safe in your everyday life needs knowledge(知识)．If you remember the following information，your life will be much safer．
Always notice the environment around you．You shouldn’t walk alone outside．Make sure where the public phones are．If anything dangerous happens，you can find them easily．
Your bag should be carried towards the front of your body instead of putting it on your back．When a bus is full of people, it is easy enough for a thief to take away the things in the bag on your back．
If you are followed by someone whom you don’t know, cross the street and go to the other way，let the person understand that you know he or she is after you．Next，don’t go home at once．You are safer in the street than you are alone in your home or in a lift(电梯)．
If you have to take a bus to a place far away, try to get to the stop a few minutes earlier before the bus leaves．This stops other people from studying you．On the bus，don’t sit alone．Sit behind the driver or with other people．Don’t sleep．
小题1:Which of the following is NOT safe when you are out?| A．Go home alone late at night． | | B．Make sure where the public phones are． | | C．Don’t get to the bus stop too early． | | D．Always notice the environment around you． |
小题2:When you are followed by someone on your way home，you should to make yourself safe．| A．run home | | B．find a lift and go in | | C．turn back and walk towards him or her at once | | D．cross the street and go to the other way |
小题3:What can you learn from the text?| A．How to notice the environment around you. | | B．How to be safe in your everyday life. | | C．How to cross the street. | | D．How to use the public phones. |
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If Confucius(孔子）were still alive today and could celebrate his September 28 birthday with a big cake, there would be many candles. He’d need a fan or a strong wind to help him put them out.
While many people in China will remember Confucius on his special day, few people in the United States will give him a passing thought. It’s nothing personal. Most Americans don’t even remember the birthdays of their own national heroes.
But this doesn’t mean that Americans don’t care about Confucius. In many ways he has become a bridge that foreigners must cross if they want to reach a deeper understanding of China.
In the past two decades, the Chinese studies programs have gained huge popularity in Western universities. More recently, the Chinese government has set up Confucius Institutes in more than 80 countries. These schools teach both Chinese language and culture. The main courses of Chinese culture usually include Chinese art, history and philosophy（哲学）. Some social scientists suggest that Westerners should take advantages of the ancient Chinese wisdom to make up for the drawbacks of Westerners philosophy. Students in the United States, at the same time, are racing to learn Chinese. So they will be ready for life in a world where China is an equal power with the United States. Businessmen who hope to make money in China are reading books about Confucius to understand their Chinese customers.
So the old thinker’s ideas are still alive and well.
Today China attracts the West more than ever, and it will need more teachers to introduce Confucius and Chinese culture to the West.
As for the old thinker, he will not soon be forgotten by people in the West, even if his birthday is.
小题1:The opening paragraph is mainly intended to ________.| A．provide some key facts about Confucius | | B．attract the readers’ interest in the subject | | C．show great respect for the ancient thinker | | D．prove the popularity of modern birthday celebrations |
小题2:We can learn from Paragraph 4 that American students______.| A．have a great interest in studying Chinese | | B．take an active part in Chinese competitions | | C．try to get high scores in Chinese exams | | D．fight for a chance to learn Chinese |
小题3:What is the best title for the passage?| A．Forgotten Wisdom in America | | B．Huge Fans of the Chinese Language | | C．Chinese Culture for Westerners | | D．Old Thinker with a Big Future |
小题4:The passage is likely to appear in ___________. | A．a biography | B．a history paper | | C．a newspaper | D．a philosophy textbook |
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请阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36—55各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Peer pressure can be a powerful force, and sometimes a positive one. For example, hanging out with active peers may lead kids to more, making a child’s social network a vehicle for promoting healthy habits and obesity unconsciously.
The scientists studied networks of a group of students aged 5 to 12 and how the youngsters’ made and dropped friends, and effect these changing relationships had on their physical activity level.
In fact, children their exercise level little by little to better those in their circle; children who with more active students were more to increase their physical activity levels, those who befriended more sedentary(久坐不动的) children became active. The children were mirroring, following or adjusting to be to their friends before they knew it.
The encouraging suggest a potentially effective way to change children’s behavior. relying only on organized exercise programs to get moving, perhaps introducing sedentary kids to more active ones — might help more kids the couch.
It’s believed that this is a possible novel approach to obesity . The social environment does carry more power than we have given it for, so we should make use of that intentionally to influence kids.
that children are increasingly connected to one another, through face-to-face interactions or virtual ones, their networks can clearly have a deep effect many aspects of their behavior-help kids in the long run by turning them into healthier adults.
| 小题1: | | A．sleep | B．move | C．exercise | D．eat |
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| 小题2: | | A．developing | B．increasing | C．introducing | D．reducing |
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| 小题3: | | A．tracked | B．informed | C．sorted | D．concluded |
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| 小题4: | | A．whose | B．what | C．that | D．which |
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| 小题5: | | A．adjusted | B．insisted | C．appealed | D．devoted |
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| 小题6: | | A．equal | B．compete | C．match | D．compare |
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| 小题7: | | A．left out | B．hung out | C．made out | D．figured out |
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| 小题8: | | A．likely | B．possible | C．bound | D．due |
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| 小题9: | | A．while | B．though | C．since | D．because |
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| 小题10: | | A．more | B．permanent | C．less | D．temporary |
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| 小题11: | | A．familiar | B．similar | C．popular | D．regular |
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| 小题12: | | A．causes | B．results | C．reasons | D．experiments |
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| 小题13: | | A．More than | B．Less than | C．Other than | D．Rather than |
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| 小题14: | | A．get down | B．get off | C．get on | D．get over |
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| 小题15: | | A．prevention | B．introduction | C．discussion | D．information |
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| 小题16: | | A．honor | B．approval | C．agreement | D．credit |
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| 小题17: | | A．Considered | B．Given | C．Realized | D．Supposed |
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| 小题18: | | A．whatever | B．if | C．however | D．whether |
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| 小题19: | | A．social | B．natural | C．mental | D．physical |
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