Self-employed private physicians who charge a fee for each patient visit are the foundation of medical
practice in the United States. Most physicians have a contract relationship with one or more hospitals in
the community. They send their patients to this hospital, which usually charges patients according to the
number of days they stay and the facilities(operating room, tests, medicines that they use). Some hospitals belong to a city, a state or, in the case of veteran"s hospitals, a federal government agency. Others are
operated by religious orders(教会) or other non-profit groups.
Some medical doctors are on salary. Salaried physicians may work as hospital staff members, or
residents, who are often still in training. They may teach in medical schools, be hired by corporations to
care for their workers or work for the federal government"s Public Health Service.
Physicians are among the best paid professionals in the United States. In the 1980s, it was not
uncommon for medical doctors to earn incomes of more than $ 100 000 a year. Specialists, particularly
surgeons, might earn several times that amount. Physicians list many reasons why they deserve to be so
well rewarded for their work. One reason is the long and expensive preparation required to become a
physician in the United States. Most would be physicians first attend college for four years, which can
cost nearly $ 20 000 a year at one of the best private institutions. Prospective physicians then attend
medical school for four years. Tuition alone can exceed $ 10 000 a year. By the time they have obtained
their medical degrees, many young physicians are deeply in debt. They still face three to five years of
residency(实习阶段) in a hospital, the first year as an apprentice physician. The hours are long and the
pay is relatively low.
Setting up a medical practice is expensive, too. Sometimes several physicians will decide to establish
a group practice, so they can share the expense of maintaining an office and buying equipment. These
physicians also take care of each other"s patients in emergencies.
Physicians work long hours and must accept a great deal of responsibility. Many medical procedures,
even quite routine ones, involve risk. It is understandable that physicians want to be well rewarded for
making decisions which can mean the difference between life and death.
1. According to the passage, it is very unlikely that an American hospital is owned by _______.
A. a church
B. a corporation
C. a city
D. a state
2. The expenses for becoming a doctor are spent on _______.
A. schooling and retraining
B. practice in a hospital
C. facilities he or she uses
D. education he or she receives
3. According to the passage, how long does it take for a would-be physician to become an
independent physician in the USA?
A. About seven years.
B. Eight years.
C. Ten years.
D. About twelve years.
4. Sometimes several physicians set up a group medical practice mainly because _______.
A. there are so many patients that it is difficult for one physician to take care all of them
B. they can take turns to work long hours
C. facilities may be too much of a burden for one physician to shoulder
D. no one wants to assume too much responsibility
5. Which of the following statements could fully express the author"s view towards physicians’
payment in the USA?
A. For their expensive education and their responsibility, they deserve a handsome pay.
B. It is reasonable for physicians to have a large income because their work is very dangerous.
C. Physicians should be better paid because they work long hours under bad conditions.
D. Physicians have great responsibility, so it is understandable that they should be well rewarded.
A. Goods for auction sales B. Definition of bidding C. Way to sell more goods by auction D. Auction sales in history E. Brief introduction to auctions F. Making a larger profit as an auctioneer | |||
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Many adults see teens as energetic.Many of us see ourselves as proud.This thinking __1__ many adults and us to have the idea that if we can"t handle school or __2__ life well, we are just not trying hard. But in my opinion that may not be __3__. Earlier this school year, I was leaving my class one Friday __4__ suddenly it __5__ like I had pulled a muscle in my back.I knew I was ill. After a few days I stopped eating.This meant I lost __6__; the clothes that I bought two weeks earlier began __7__ loose.This time my parents got scared. __8__, I started sleeping less.My eyelids (眼皮) were constantly __9__. I refused to __10__ that I was ill.I kept my job working 25 hours a week in a shop; I didn"t __11__ any classes.When I was hurting, I didn"t mind and kept on going.__12__ it kills you, it makes you stronger, right? But now I find myself thinking.Is it __13__ it? I"m taking the classes and working for the newspaper because it does good __14__ college applications.And I"m working 25 hours a week so that, once I get into my dream school, I can __15__ it. Here I am, already sick from the __16__ of work I"m doing in and out of school.So, what good is a(n) __17__ application if I"m badly ill? What is the __18__ of doing this work if I can"t enjoy the results? In fact, by writing my __19__ I"m telling all the people who __20__ much about the future to worry about it now. | |||
( )1. A. makes ( )2. A. still ( )3. A. true ( )4. A. while ( )5. A. looked ( )6. A. face ( )7. A. hanging ( )8. A. In fact ( )9. A. light ( )10. A. insist ( )11. A. lose ( )12. A. Unless ( )13. A. paid ( )14. A. at ( )15. A. control ( )16. A. amount ( )17. A. suitable ( )18. A. reason ( )19. A. time ( )20. A. think | B. forces B. even B. real B. when B. sounded B. hope B. holding B. In addition B. shut B. determine B. drop B. If B. similar to B. to B. manage B. set B. impressive B. idea B. work B. care | C. causes C. just C. wrong C. then C. appeared C. weight C. changing C. In disorder C. open C. accept C. give C. Though C. equal to C. on C. support C. kind C. believable C. point C. newspaper C. miss | D. intends D. yet D. false D. how D. felt D. direction D. dressing D. In general D. heavy D. consider D. take D. Before D. worth D. with D. afford D. number D. usual D. tip D. story D. realize |
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In order to know a foreign language thoroughly(完全地), four things are necessary. First, we must understand the language when we hear it spoken. Secondly, we must be able to speak it ourselves, correctly with confidence(自信) and without hesitation(犹豫). Thirdly, we must be able to write it. We must be able to make sentences that are correct in grammar. There is no short way to succeed in language learning. A good memory(记忆) is a great help, but it is not enough only to memorize the rules from a grammar book. It is no much use learning by heart long lists(一览表) of words and their meanings, studying the dictionary and so on. We must learn by using the language. If we are pleased with a few rules we have memorized, we are not really learning the language. We must "Learn through use". Practice is important. We must practise speaking and writing the language whenever(无论何时) we can. | |||
1. The most important things to learn a foreign language are_______. | |||
A. understanding and speaking | |||
2. Someone hears and writes English very well, but he speaks it very badly. This is because____. | |||
A. he doesn"t understand the language when he hears it spoken B. he doesn"t have a good memory C. he always remember lists of words and their meanings D. he often hesitates to practice speaking it | |||
3. One can never learn a foreign language well only by_______. | |||
A. much practice B. studying the dictionary C. learning through use D. using the language | |||
4. Which of the following is the most important in learning a foreign language? | |||
A. A good memory. B. Speaking C. Practice D. Writing. | |||
5."Learn through use" means_______. | |||
A. we use a language in order to learn it B. we learn a foreign language in order to use it C. we can learn a language well while we are using it D. both B and C |