Healthy people with stressful jobs who work long hours but get little satisfacti

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Healthy people with stressful jobs who work long hours but get little satisfaction from what they do have twice the risk of dying from heart disease as satisfied employees, according to a study. Job stress has been known to cause heart problems in people who already have cardiovascular disease (心血管病). Finnish scientists have now shown that even in healthy people the pressures of work can take their toll. High blood pressure, lack of exercise, smoking and being overweight contribute to heart disease—a leading killer in many industrialized countries.
But Mika Kivimaki, of the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, and his colleagues, who studied the medical histories of 812 healthy Finnish men and women in a metal industry company over 25 years, said job stress also plays an important role.
Workers who had the highest job-related stress levels at the start of the study were more than twice as likely to die of heart disease, according to the study published in The British Medical Journal. Work stress involves too much work as well as a lack of satisfaction and feeling undervalued and unappreciated. Many people work long hours but if the effort is rewarding the stress is minimized.
The British Heart Foundation said the results support earlier research showing that people in jobs with low control, such as manual(体力的) workers, could be as great risk of heart disease than other employees. “ It is advisable for people to try to minimize levels of stress at work and for employees to allow people to have more control at work and to be rewarded for their successes,” the foundation said in a statement.
小题1:Healthy people may die from heart disease of ____________.

A．too much job stress

B．working too hard

C．feeling valued

D．being satisfied

小题2:Which one of the following is NOT right according to this passage?

A．High blood pressure is likely to cause heart disease.

B．Being overweight may cause heart disease.

C．Job stress is most likely to cause heart disease.

D．Working long hours must cause heart disease.

小题3:The underlined word “minimized” in the third paragraph means “_________”.

A．increased

B．reduced

C．raised

D．cured

小题4:The author’s purpose in writing the passage is to _________.

A．advise people not to work long hours

B．suggest that everyone be satisfied with everything

C．ask us to learn to enjoy ourselves

D．tell us that job stress threatens our health nowadays.

答案

小题1:A
小题2:D
小题3:B
小题4:D

解析

试题分析：文章讲述了工作压力的危害。年轻人长时间的工作得不到回报，加上高压的影响，突发心脏病的风险很高。同时，高血压、缺乏锻炼、抽烟、肥胖等都会增加心脏病的风险。年轻人应该学会减压，雇主应该给员工更多的自由以释放压力。
小题1:根据第一段“Healthy people with stressful jobs who work long hours but get little satisfaction from what they do have twice the risk of dying from heart disease”可知，长时间从事压力大的工作并获得很少的满足感的健康人，死于心脏病的风险比较高，故选A。
小题2:根据第一段最后两行“High blood pressure, lack of exercise, smoking and being overweight contribute to heart disease”可知，高血压、缺乏锻炼、抽烟、肥胖等都会增加心脏病的风险，长时间工作不一定导致心脏病。故选D。
小题3:Many people work long hours but if the effort is rewarding the stress is minimized.许多人工作时间都很长，但是如果他们的努力得到了回报，压力就会减少。A增加；B减少；C提高；D治愈。故选B。
小题4:文章讲述了工作压力给年轻人带来的危害，长时间的工作得不到回报，在高压下，突发心脏病的风险很高。同时，高血压、缺乏锻炼、抽烟、肥胖等都会增加心脏病的风险。年轻人应该学会减压，雇主应该给员工更多的自由以释放压力。故选D。

举一反三

ASK any group of teenagers in the UK what they most like to eat, and foods like pizzas, curries, pasta, burgers and chips are bound to get a mention – and many young people would probably also list hanging out at the local fast-food restaurant as one of their favorite pastimes.
But what teenagers like to eat is not necessarily what they should be eating. According to the National Diet and Nutrition Survey, far too many young people in the UK between the ages of four and 18 consume too much fat, sugar and salt in their diet and take in too many calories. Meanwhile their intake of starchy carbohydrates (淀粉类碳水化合物), fibre, iron, vitamins and calcium is too low.
For a growing body, eating foods containing plenty of calcium, such as milk, yoghurt and cheese, is particularly important as calcium is essential for the development of healthy, strong bones. Similarly, foods that are rich in iron are good for young, rapidly developing bodies, so red meat, bread, green vegetables, dried fruit and fortified (强化的) breakfast cereals (谷类食物) are also recommended.
It is during our teenage years that lifestyle habits can become entrenched (根深蒂固的), so it is important that young people are educated about what foods are good for them. In 2005, in an attempt to change eating habits and open teenagers’ minds to new flavors and new tastes, celebrity chef Jamie Oliver launched a ‘Feed Me Better’ campaign. As part of a television series, ‘Jamie’s School Dinners’, he worked with teachers and cooks in a number of schools across the UK to provide more healthy, nutritious school meal options. Although the campaign was rather resisted at the beginning, it was generally regarded as a huge success and helped to influence governmental policy on nutritional standards for school meals.
No one expects to end the teenage love affair with fast and junk food but, hopefully, if projects like ‘Feed Me Better’ and the Government"s own ‘Change4Life’ campaign continue to give out the right messages, more young people will understand the importance of balancing occasional treats with healthier food options.
小题1:What can we conclude from the first two paragraphs?

A．British teenagers eat too much junk food.

B．British teenagers need to take in more calcium.

C．What British teenagers like to eat is probably what their bodies need

D．British teenagers should reduce their intake of starchy carbohydrates.

小题2:Young people need calcium and iron ______.

A．to improve their brainpower

B．to build healthy strong bodies

C．to provide energy for their body

D．to help change their eating habits

小题3:According to the article, Jamie Oliver launched a campaign at schools to ______.

A．show off his excellent cooking skills

B．teach students how to cook nutritious meals

C．make the public keep an eye on school food

D．improve the children’s diet at school

小题4:Which is a point that the article supports?

A．Teenagers should never eat any junk food at all.

B．It’s easy for children to give up unhealthy eating.

C．It’s okay for a healthy eater to have a little junk food.

D．Once developed, our eating habit will never change.

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People around the world drink about 180 billion liters of soda a year. That translates to more than 29 liters per person. Experts say the amount of carbonated soft drinks we consume(消费) is growing. New research from the American Heart Association finds that drinking soda, even diet soda, may significantly increase your risk for heart disease. Dr. Ramachandran Vasan led the study. "Drinking just one or more sodas a day may not be as innocuous as people think."
In a large study of 9,000 people, doctors discovered that those who drank one or more sodas a day had a 30% increased risk for obesity(肥胖), a 25% increase in the risk for abnormal(非正常的) blood sugar levels, and a 32% increase in the odds of having low levels of good cholesterol(胆固醇).
All of these factors increase the risk for heart disease. And there was no difference in the results for those who drank diet soda over regular soda. It’s something that surprised even the researchers.
Critics of the study say diet soda may not be the cause of increased risk of heart disease. Connie Diekman is president of the American Dietetic Association. "It does not conclusively say that this will cause that."
In other words, it could be that unhealthy people like soda. Dr. Vasan found those who drink soda generally tend to have greater caloric intake. They eat more saturated fat and trans fats. They also eat less fiber and exercise less. Diet soda drinkers may also share this unhealthy lifestyle. Dr. Vasan agrees that the link he found between heart disease risk and diet soda needs additional study.
小题1: What does the underlined word “innocuous” in the first paragraph probably mean?

A．popular.

B．harmless.

C．effective.

D．risky.

小题2: According to the study, which of the following is true?

A．Only people who overdrink sodas have high risk for heart disease.

B．In the study, about one quarter of people have high blood level.

C．Both regular and diet sodas can probably increase the risk for heart disease.

D．Dr. Vasan is the leader of the American Heart Association.

小题3: What can be inferred from the passage above?

A．All the experts agree with the results of the study.

B．Sodas of any kind are certain to increase the risk for heart disease.

C．People have expected the results of the research.

D．More studies are needed to prove the results.

小题4:How does the writer present the passage?

A．By comparing opinions.	B．By giving advice.
C．By showing facts.	D．By discussing information.

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The research tracked the health of 101,000 US nurses over three decades.
Light-to-moderate smokers were twice as likely to die of sudden heart problems as those who had never smoked.
But those who quit smoking saw their risk begin to go back down within years, a journal of the American Heart Association reports.
_________
During the study, there were 315 sudden cardiac deaths（心脏性猝死）——where the heart unexpectedly stops working.
In people aged 35 or younger, this usually because of a heart condition that runs in the family.
But in people who are older than this—as most of the nurses in the study were —it can be the first sign of coronary heart disease, where the heart’s arteries become blocked by fatty deposits.
Of the 315 sudden deaths in the study, 75 were among current smokers, 148 were among recent or past smokers and 128 occurred in people who had never smoked.
Reason to quit
After taking into account other heart risk factors, such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol and family history of heart disease, Dr Roopinder Sandhu and his colleagues found the women who smoked were twice as likely as likely to die suddenly even if they smoked “light-to-moderate” amounts —between one and 14 cigarettes a day.
For every five years of continued smoking, the risk went up by 8%.
But women who quit saw their risk fall to that of someone who had never smoked, after 20 years of cessation.
Dr Sandhu, of the University of Alberta, Canad, said: “What this study really tells women is how important it is to stop smoking. The benefits in terms of sudden cardiac death reduction are there for all women, not just those with established heart disease.”
“It can be difficult to quit. It needs to be a long-term goal. It’s not always easily achievable and it may take more than one attempt.”
Ellen Mason, senior cardiac nurse at the British Heart Foundation, said: “This study shows that smoking just a couple of cigarettes a day could still seriously affect your future health.”
“As we approach the new year, many of us will be making resolutions and giving up smoking will be the top of the list for lots of people.”
“If you’re thinking of quitting and need a nudge, this research adds to the wealth of evidence that stopping smoking is the single best thing you can do for your heart health.”
A recent study in The Lancet of 1.2million Women found those who gave up smoking by the age of 30 would almost completely avoid the risk of dying early from tobacco-related diseases.
Latest figures suggest a fifth of women in England smoke.
小题1:According to the research, light smokers____________.

A．are not likely to suffer from heart problems

B．are more likely to suffer from heart problems than moderate ones

C．can go on smoking only if they don’t smoke much

D．have a high possibility of dying of heart disease

小题2:Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A．Nonsmokers wouldn’t die of sudden cardiac death

B．Most of the nurses concerned in the research were middle aged.

C．All age groups of people were involved in the research.

D．If the smokers had quit smoking, they wouldn’t have died of heart disease.

小题3:Which of the following is best suitable for the blank in the passage?

A．Raised risk	B．Ways of quitting smoking
C．Diseases related to smoking	D．Signs of heart disease

小题4:The underlined word “nudge” in the passage probably means “____________”

A．push

B．confidence

C．study

D．comparison

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Walking is the exercise of choice for most dieters. You don"t need a gym membership to do this effective exercise. Here"s how to prepare:
The only equipment you really need is a decent pair of walking shoes. What matters most is comfort. When you"re shopping for shoes:
●Wear the socks you plan to exercise in. That way you"ll get the best fit.
●Try on both shoes. Most people"s feet aren"t exactly the same size. Choose a pair that fits your larger foot.
●Allow a little extra room. Feet swell when you walk, so buy a pair with about a thumb"s width between your longest toe and the toe of the shoe.
Sure, walking comes naturally. But the following tips will help you stay comfortable and get the most out of your walk:
●Look ahead. Keep your neck straight and your head held high. If you have to look down to see where you"re going, lower your eyes, not your head.
●Move both arms. Let your arms swing naturally at your sides, and you"ll burn up to 15 percent more calories by keeping your arms moving.
●Don"t carry unnecessary weight. Some people try to get in extra exercise by carrying a couple of light dumbbells(哑铃), but fitness-walking experts say that"s risky: The weights can pull you off balance and tighten muscles in your back or legs.
Walking is one of the safest activities. Still, the following tips may be helpful:
●If you"re walking at night, wear a piece of reflective clothing.
●If the path is dimly lit, bring a good flashlight.
●When the weather"s hot, be sure to drink some water before you set out and better take a bottle of water with you if you plan to walk quite a long time.
●If your path is rough, protect your ankles. Consider wearing a comfortable bandage for support.
小题1:According to the text, which of the following is correct?

A．Wearing a piece of reflective clothing can make you look smart.

B．Moving both arms while walking can help you lose more weight.

C．You should buy shoes with a little extra space for your smaller foot.

D．Losing weight by walking is always easy and effective without any danger.

小题2:What are possibly necessary if you walk through our town and then up a hill along a winding path on a hot evening?
a. good walking shoes b. reflective clothing c. light dumb-bells
d. a flashlight e. a bandage f. a bottle of water

A．a, b, c, d, e, f

B．a, c, d, e, f

C．a, b, d, e, f

D．a, d, e, f

小题3:What can be inferred about the author of the text?

A．He/She once got his/her legs injured while walking carrying light dumb-bells.

B．He/She might live in a small town with dimly lit streets.

C．He/She needs just a decent pair of walking shoes while walking.

D．He/She is quite experienced in the exercise of walking.

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The rising costs of health care have become a problem for many countries in the world. To deal with this problem, it is recommended that a big part of the government’s health budget be used for health education and disease prevention instead of treatment. Actually, many kinds of diseases are preventable in many ways and preventing a disease is usually much cheaper than treating it. For example, people could avoid catching a cold if they dressed warmly when the weather starts getting cold. But many people get sick because they fail to do so, and have to spend money seeing a doctor.
Daily habits like eating more healthy food would have kept millions of families from becoming bankrupt if the patients had taken measures for early prevention. For instance, keeping a balanced diet, such as not consuming too much animal fat and insuring a steady intake of vegetables and frits, seems to be quite important.
One very effective and costless way of prevention is regular exercise, which is necessary for a healthy mind and body. Regular exercise, such as running, walking, and playing sports is a good way to make people feel better and reduce stress.
In addition, health education plays a key role in improving people’s health. By giving people more information about health, countries could help people understand the importance of disease prevention and ways to achieve it. For example, knowing one’s family medical history is an effective way to help keep healthy. Information about health problem among close relatives will make them aware of what they should do to prevent certain diseases through lifestyle changes, Which will work before it is too late.
However, stressing disease prevention does not mean medical treatment is unimportant. After all, prevention and treatment are just two different means toward the same effect. In conclusion, we could save money on health care and treat patients more successfully if our country spends more money on health prevention and education.
小题1:What’s the best title of the passage?

A．Prevention or Education?	B．Prevention or Treatment?
C．Health or Illness?	D．Exercise or Illness?

小题2:Which of the following can replace the underlined word “bankrupt”?

A．Unable to be cured	B．Unable to pay one’s debts
C．Stronger than ever before	D．More successful than ever before

小题3: We learn form the passage that _______

A．dressing warmly can prevent disease

B．a balanced diet is cheaper than regular exercise

C．the more health education, the better

D．the government’s health budget should be increased

小题4:Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?

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