阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中(A、B、C和 D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Most of us feel upset if we
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阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中(A、B、C和 D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Most of us feel upset if we miss just one meal, and if we try to go without food for 12 hours we would really be uncomfortable. But there are some people who seem able to “fast” for very long periods.
Various records are claimed for long fast, but in most cases there is no medical proof and so the records are doubtful. One South African woman claimed that she lived for 102 days on nothinig but water and soda water.
There are great differences among living things in the ability to survive without food. For example , a tick（扁虱）, which lives on animals, may survive a whole year. Warm-blooded animals use up their stores of food in the body more quickly.
In fact, the smaller and more active the animal, the more quickly it uses up its reserves. A small bird starves to death in about five days, a dog in about twenty. In general, we can say that a warm-blooded creature will die when it has lost about half its normal weight.
This matter of weight is important. Man and other creatures live in a state of metabolic equiplibrium（新陈代谢的平衡）which means maintaining the body weight once a certain point has been reached. This regulation of body weight is done by thirst, hunger, and appetite.
When your blood lacks nutritional materials, this registers（记录）in the hunger center of the brain and you feel “hungry”. The body is crying out for any kind of fuel(food). And it is our appetite that sees to it hat we chooose a mixed diet, which is the kind the body needs.
小题1:According to this passage, a man will die _________.| A．when a certain point in losing weight has been reached. | | B．when his blood lacks nutritional material | | C．when his normal weight is lost | | D．when he goes without food for more than 12 hours |
小题2:The word “fast” in Paragraph 1 can best be replaced by ________.| A．eat no food | B．live merely on water and soda water | | C．live on nothing | D．remains alive for a long time without food |
小题3:A tick can survive much longer than a bird because ________.| A．a tick lives on animals | B．a tick is much smaller | | C．a bird is more active | D．both B and C |
小题4:A person feels hungry _________.| A．if he doesn’t choose a mixed diet | | B．because his body cries out for food | | C．when soemthing is wrong with regulation of body weight | | D．if there are not enough nutritional in his blood |
小题5:From the passage we can infer that the author ________.| A．believes the South African woman very firmly | | B．does not believe the South African woman at all | | C．is not certain whether the South African woman’s claim was true. | | D．is doubtful whether there was such a South African woman |
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答案
小题1:A
小题2:A
小题3:C
小题4:D
小题5:C |
解析
小题1:由第四段最后一句话得答案为A.D项从第一段第二句看不对。
小题2:通过前一句中without food for 12 hours 得出
小题3:由第四段第一句话得答案为C。
小题4:由最后一段第一句话得答案为C。
小题5:由第二段第二行the records are doubtful,怀疑者女士说的话儿不是有没有这个人，因此D为错误。 |
举一反三
A team of US psychologists have found that talking to another person for ten minutes a day helps with memory.
"Socializing is just as effective as more traditional kinds of mental exercise in boosting memory and intellectual performance," Oscar Ybarra, a psychologist at the University of Michigan Institute for Social Research, said in a statement.
In one investigation, they analyzed data on 3610 people, aged 24 to 96.
They found that the higher their level of social interaction (交流), the better their cognitive (认知的) functioning. Social interaction includes getting together or having phone chats with relatives, freinds and neighbors.
In another experiment, the researchers conducted lab tests on 76 college students, aged 18 to 21, to evaluate how social interactions and intellectual exercises affected the results of memory and mental performance tests.
The students were divided into three groups: the social interaction group had a discussion of a social issue for 10 minutes before taking the tests; the intellectual activities group completed three tasks (including a reading comprehension exercise and a crossword puzzle) before the tests; and a control group (对照组) watched a 10-minute clip (电源片段) of the Seinfeld television show.
"We found that short-term social interaction lasting for just 10 minutes improved participants’ intellectual performance as much as engaging in so-called ’intellectual’ activities for the same amount of time," Ybarra said.
The study was expected to be published in the February issue of the journal Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin.
小题1:The underlined word "boosting" in the second paragraph can be replaced by ______.| A．improving | B．decreasing | C．preventing | D．training |
小题2:Which is not included in social interaction?| A．Having a talk with a neighbor. | B．Attending a birthday party. | | C．Watching TV at home alone. | D．Calling your classmates |
小题3:What’s the purpose of the experiment on 76 college students?| A．To judge the effect of social interaction on memory and intelligence. | | B．To find out what is real social interaction. | | C．To learn how much time is needed for social interaction. | | D．To show the function of people’s cognition. |
小题4:Which of the following questions may be asked in the social interaction group in the experiment?| A．What does the author want to show us? | | B．Do you like living in a big city or a small one? | | C．Which word can be used to fill in the blank? | | D．What is the main idea of the second paragraph? |
小题5:What’s the main idea of the passage?| A．Intellectual exercises improve memory. | | B．Different people have different ways of communication | | C．Communicating with others keeps you healthy. | | D．Social interaction makes you smart |
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Are you nervous about climbing because you think it’s too dangerous? Do you feel you’re not fit enough to climb? Do you know how to start climbing?
Let’s consider the idea that climbing is dangerous. Being afraid is natural, but if you use suitable ropes and other climbing equipments you will feel completely safe. Climbers are usually very careful because they know what they are doing is dangerous. Accidents happen, but when they do, they tend to attract a lot of publicity. As a result, people think there are many more accidents than there are in reality.
You cannot expect to start climbing straight away. Climbing is a challenge and challenges take time. It is necessary first of all that you achieve a good level of fitness. Begin as soon as you become interested in climbing—go to the gym, go swimming, take up jogging and continue to do so throughout your training period.
Discover as much as you can about climbing. Visit the library and find books especially for beginners or buy climbing magazines and look for articles which describe your situation. Look up information on the Internet. Find out about equipment, methods and places to go.
Next, take a course on a climbing wall. There are plenty of climbing walls all over the country which have trained and qualified people as instructors. Call your local leisure centre to find out if there is one in your area. These training sessions are a quick way to get experience and you are likely to meet other beginners. After this, you can do an outside course or join a club where you can meet climbers of all abilities and eventually join in group-climbing events.
At first you may not understand the importance of a good training period, but after you have completed your first climb and you are standing safely at the top of a rock feeling thrilled, then you will know it was the right thing to do.
小题1:The article is written by ______.| A．a doctor | B．an experienced climber | | C．a beginner | D．a fitness instructor |
小题2:The writer thinks a new climber should ______.| A．begin by becoming fit | | B．be aware of the causes of the accidents | | C．have the courage to meet the challenges | | D．do enough sports to get interested in climbing |
小题3:By climbing walls you can ______. | A．join a club you like | B．become qualified instructors | | C．gain controlled experience | D．take part in group-climbing events |
小题4:The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph probably means ______.| A．the climb | B．the training | C．the equipment | D．the achievement |
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For centuries, the body"s blood has been linked closely with the emotions．People who show no human emotions or feelings, are said to be cold-blooded killer．For example, the police are searching for a cold-blooded killer．He seems to kill for no reason, and no emotion, as if taking someone"s life as nothing．
Cold can affect other parts of the body．The expression "get cold feet" has nothing to do with cold or your feet．The expression means being afraid to do something you have decided to do．For example, you agree to be president of an organization．But then you learn that all the other officers have resigned, and all the work of the organizations will be your responsibility．You are likely to get cold feet about being president when you understand the situation.
The expression "give someone the cold shoulder" probably comes from the physical act of turning your back toward someone, instead of speaking to him face to face．You may give a cold shoulder to a friend who has not kept a promise he made to you．Or, to someone who has lied about you to others.
A cold fish is not a fish．It is a person．But it is a person who is unfriendly, unemotional and shows no love or warmth．A cold fish does not offer much of himself to anyone．Someone who is a cold fish could be cold-hearted．Now a cold-hearted person is someone who has no sympathy．Several popular songs in recent years were about cold-hearted men or cold-hearted women who, without feelings, broke the hearts of their lovers.
"Out in the cold" means not getting something that everybody else got．A person might say that everybody but him got a pay raise——he was left out in the cold．And it is not a pleasant place to be.
小题1:When you refuse to speak to a man and treat him in a distant way, you may express by "_____"．| A．I give him the cold shoulder | B．I think he is a cold-blooded man | | C．I think he is a cold fish | D．I"m likely to get cold feet |
小题2:If Sue shows absolutely no reaction to those awful pictures of starving children in Africa, you will say ______．| A．she is a cold-blooded killer | B．she gets cold feet | | C．she is a cold fish | D．she is out in the cold |
小题3:We can use the expression "_____" to describe a man who abandons or hurts his lover without mercy．| A．cold-blooded | B．cold shoulder | C．cold feet | D．cold-hearted |
小题4:The topic of this passage is about _____．| A．the relationship between cold and our body | B．some expressions about friendship | | C．some expressions connected with cold | D．how cold weather comes into being |
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The word “sport” first meant something that people did in their free time. Later it often meant hunting wild animals and birds. About a hundred years ago the word was first used for organized games. This is the usual meaning of the word today. People spend a lot of their time playing football, basketball, tennis and many other sports. Such people play because they want to. A few people are paid for the sport they play. These people are called professional sportsmen. They may be sportsmen for only a few years, but during that time the best ones can earn a lot of money. For example, a professional footballer in England earns more than 30,000 dollars a year. The stars earn a lot more. International golf and tennis champions can make more than 500,000 dollars a year. Of course, only a few sportsmen can earn as much money as that.
Perhaps the most surprising thing about sportsmen and money is that the stars can earn more money from advertising than from sports. An advertisement for sports equipment does not simply say “Buy our things”. It says “Buy the same shirt and shoes as …”. Famous sportsmen can even advertise things like watches and food. They allow the companies to use their names or a photograph of them and they are paid for this. Sport is no longer just something for people’s spare time.
小题1:From the passage we can learnt that_______.
A. people spend too much money on sports
the development of sport is slower than any other activity
most people enjoy sport because they can earn money
nowadays sport is not merely a pastime for people
小题2:Nowadays, the word “sport” means “________” .| A．what people do in their spare time | B．hunting wild animals and birds | | C．organized games | D．something people are paid to do |
小题3:People play sports for ________.| A．fun | B．different | C．money | D．keeping fit |
小题4:What surprises people most is that ________.| A．the stars get more money from advertising | | B．the word “sport” meant hunting animals | | C．professional sportsmen are paid for what they do | | D．only a few sportsmen can earn ＄500,000 a year |
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Forget chip fat, sugar cane or rapeseed oil — the latest source of biofuel could be watermelons. Scientists have discovered that the fruit is a great source of sugar that can be readily distilled (蒸馏) into alcohol to power cars and farm machinery.
And sellers reject 360,000 tons of “substandard” fruit every year in America alone which could be used as an economical way to make fuel. The waste from US growers could produce nearly two million gallons (nine million litres) of biofuel per year.
In the study, researchers at the United States Department of Agriculture set out to determine the biofuel potential of juice from rejected watermelons —those not sold due to cosmetic imperfections, and currently ploughed back into the field. About a fifth of each yearly watermelon crop is left in the field because of surface blemishes (瑕疵) or because they are misshapen.
Dr. Wayne Fish, who led the team, found that 50 percent of the fruit was fermentable (可发酵的) into alcohol which could provide valuable fuel.
“We’ve shown that the juice of these watermelons is a source of readily fermentable sugars, representing an unexploited raw material for alcohol biofuel production,” he said.
The study, published in the journal Biotechnology for Biofuels, discovered that watermelons could produce around 20 gallons of fuel per acre from fruit that otherwise would go to waste.
Production of biofuels has been targeted by Western governments as a way to support renewable energy targets.
The European Union has a target for 2010 that 5.75 percent of transport fuels should come from biological sources, but the target is unlikely to be met.
The British government’s Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation requires five percent of the fuel sold at the pump by 2010 to be biofuel.
小题1:The passage mainly tells us ______.| A．watermelon juice will be the largest source of renewable energy | | B．the advantages of fuel made from watermelons | | C．Western countries aim at producing biofuels | | D．watermelons could be used to make fuel |
小题2: It can be learned from the text that ______.| A．about two gallons of fuel could be made from rejected fruit per acre | | B．sellers in the world throw away 360,000 tons of watermelons every year | | C．half of the watermelons were fermentable into alcohol to provide energy | | D．five percent of fuel is required to be biofuel from watermelons by 2010 in Britain |
小题3:The underlined word “cosmetic” in Paragraph 3 probably means ______. | A．fresh | B．sweet | C．surface | D．inside |
小题4:We can infer from the passage that ______.| A．it will cost a lot to make biofuel from watermelons | | B．Western countries are engaged in biofuel study but still have a long way to go | | C．watermelon juice has been used as a source of sugars to produce alcohol biofuel | | D．the European Union is likely to meet its target of transport fuels from biological sources |
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