There is an old saying in English： "Laughter is the best medicine". Until recent
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Tests were carried out to study the effects of laughter on the body. People watched funny films, while doctors checked their heart rate, blood pressure, breathing and muscles. It was found that laughter has similar effects to physical exercise. It increases blood pressure, the heart rate and the rate of breathing； it also works several groups of muscles in the face, the stomach, and even the feet. If laughter exercises the body, it must be beneficial.
Other tests have shown that laughter appears to be capable of reducing the effect of pain on the body. In one experiment doctors produced pain in groups of students who listened to different radio programs. The group which tolerated the pain for the longest time was "the group which listened to a funny program. The reason why laughter can reduce pain seems to be that it helps to produce endorphins （内啡肽） in the brain. These are natural chemicals which diminish both stress and pain.
There is also some evidence to suggest that laughter helps the body"s immune(免疫的)system, that is, the system which fights infection. In an experiment, one group of students watched a funny video while another group served as the control group - in other words, a group with which to compare the first group. Doctors checked the blood of the students in both groups and found that the people in the group that watched the video had an increase in the activity of their white blood cells, that is, the cells which fight infection.
As a result of these discoveries, some doctors and psychiatrists （精神病学家） in the United States now hold laughter clinics, in which they try to improve their patients" condition by encouraging them to laugh. They have found that even if their patients do not really feel like laughing, making them smile is enough to produce beneficial effects similar to those caused by laughter.
小题1: We learn from the first paragraph that laughter____________________.
| A．is good for one"s health |
| B．is related to some illness |
| C．has been investigated long since |
| D．has no effect on the body |
| A．keeps down blood pressure. |
| B．has similar effects to physical exercise |
| C．decreases the heart rate |
| D．increases stress |
| A．It reduces pain. |
| B．It exercises the body. |
| C．It improves the body"s immune system. |
| D．It can cure cancer. |
| A．critical |
| B．doubtful |
| C．positive |
| D．negative |
答案
小题1:A
小题2:B
小题3:D
小题4:C
解析
小题1:根据文章开头的谚语"Laughter is the best medicine".可知答案是A。
小题2:根据第二段中的“It was found that laughter has similar effects to physical exercise.”可知答案B。
小题3:根据文章第三、四段可知A、B、C三项正确，而D项太绝对化了。笑对身体有好处，但是不能治好疾病，只能起缓减疼痛的作用。
小题4:根据文章介绍笑是良药，而且能减轻病人的痛苦，能够锻炼身体并提高人的免疫能力，所以说作者是持肯定，积极的（positive）态度。
举一反三
You have noticed that everything an Indian does is in a circle, and that is because the Power of the World always works in circles, and everything tries to be round. In the old days when we were strong and happy people, all our power came to us from the respectful circle of the nation, and so long as the circle was unbroken, the people were getting rich. The flowering tree was the living center of the circle, and the circle of the four quarters nursed it. The east gave peace and light, the south gave warmth, the west gave rain, and the north with its cold and strong wind gave strength and continuous power.
This knowledge came to us from the outer world with our brief. Everything the Power of the World does is done in a circle. The sky is round, and I have heard that the earth is round like a ball, and so are all the stars. Birds make their nests in circle, for theirs are the same as ours. The sun comes forth and goes down again in a circle. The moon does the same, and both are round. Even the seasons form a great circle in their changing, and always come back again to where they were. The life of a man is a circle from childhood to childhood, and so it is in everything where power moves.
Our places were like the nests of birds, and these were always set in a circle, the nation’s circle, a nest of many nests, where the Great Spirit meant for us to nurse our children.
But the “white people” have put us in these square boxes. Our power is gone and we are dying, for the power is not in us any more. You can look at our boys and see how it is with us. Where we were living by the power of the circle in the way we should, boys were men at twelve or thirteen years of age. But now it takes them very much longer to grow up.
小题1:According to the passage, the Indians _______.
| A．don’t have modern instruments in their homes |
| B．refused to move from round places |
| C．lived in round places, but were forced to live in square houses |
| D．lived in round places, but then decided to move into square houses |
| A．the Indians’ past and present living conditions |
| B．the Indians’ past and modern beliefs |
| C．the Indians’ old and new power |
| D．people and nature |
| A．the four rooms of the Indian’s house |
| B．the four kinds of natural power |
| C．the four seasons |
| D．the four directions |
| A．they had to move to other houses |
| B．boys took more time to grow into men |
| C．they forgot the old way of life |
| D．everyone was not happy |
It’s not just that we’re going to where the animals are; we’re also bringing them closer to us Popular foreign pets have brought a whole new disease to this country A strange illness killed Isaksen’s pets and she now thinks that keeping foreign pets is a bad idea “I don’t think it’s fair to have them as pets when we have such a limited knowledge of them “says Isaksen
“Laws allowing these animals to be brought in from deep forest areas without stricter control need changing “says Peter Schantz Monkey-pox may be the wake-up call. Researchers believe infected animals may infect their owners. We know very little about these new diseases A new bug（病毒）may be kind at first. But it may develop into something harmful（有害的）Monkey-pox doesn’t look a major infectious disease But is not impossible to pass the disease from person to person
小题1:We learn from Paragraph I that the pet sold at the shop may_______.
| A．come from Columbia |
| B．prevent us from being infected |
| C．enjoy being with children |
| D．suffer from monkey-pox |
| A．They attack human beings |
| B．We need to study native animals |
| C．They can’t live out of the rain forest |
| D．We do not know much about them yet |
| A．a new disease |
| B．a clear warning |
| C．a dangerous animal |
| D．a morning call |
| A．may have to fight against more new diseases |
| B．may easily get infected by diseases from dogs |
| C．should not be allowed to have pets |
| D．should stop buying pests from Africa |
Twenty states have raised the legal drinking age to 21, reversing a trend （逆转潮流） in the 1960s to reduce it to 18．After New Jersey lowered it to 18, the number of people killed by 18-20-year-old drivers more than doubled, so the state recently upped it back to 21．
Reformers, however, fear raising the drinking age will have little effect unless accompanied by educational programs to help young people to develop "responsible attitudes" about drinking and teach them to resist peer pressure to drink．
Some states are punishing bars for serving customers too many drinks．A bar in Massachusetts was fined for serving six or more double brandies to a customer who was "obviously drunk" and later drove off the land, killing a nine-year-old boy．
As the accidents continue to occur daily in every state, some Americans are even beginning to speak well of the 13 years national prohibition （禁令） of alcohol that began in 1919, which President Hoover called the "noble experiment"．They forget that legal prohibition didn"t stop drinking, but encouraged political corruption （腐败） and organized crime．As with the booming drug trade generally, there is no easy solution．
小题1:It can be inferred from the passage that drunken driving has become a major problem in the United States because___．
| A．most Americans like drinking |
| B．heavy dinking is hard to avoid |
| C．Americans are not shocked by traffic accidents |
| D．many Americans are killed by traffic accidents |
t can be inferred from the fact of the traffic accidents in New Jersey?| A．Drivers should not be allowed to drink． |
| B．Young drivers were usually bad． |
| C．The legal drinking age should be raised． |
| D．Some drivers didn"t reach the legal drinking age． |
| A．cruel | B．serious | C．determined | D．merciful§ |
| A．It may cause organized crime． |
| B．The new laws can stop heavy drinking． |
| C．There should be no bars to serve drinks． |
| D．It is difficult to solve the problem． |
I know lots of women who skip breakfast (不吃早饭), and they have a ton of different excuses for doing it. Some say they don’t have time, others think they’re “saying” calories (卡路里)，still others just don’t like breakfast food.
学科But the bottom line is that eating in the morning is very important when you’re trying to lose weight .“Eating just about anything from 300 to 400 calories would be better than nothing at all,” says Katherine Brooking, R.D. , who developed the super-easy eating plan for this year’s “SELF CHALLENGE”. And even pizza can be healthy if it’s loaded with vegetables, and you stick to one small piece.学科Breakfast is one meal I never miss, and the same goes for most weight loss success stories. Research shows that eating breakfast keeps you from overeating later in the day. Researchers at the University of Southern California found that breakfast skippers have a bigger chance of gaining weight than those who regularly have a morning meal.So eat something in the morning, anything. I know plenty of friends who end up having no breakfast altogether, and have just coffee or orange juice. I say, try heating up last night’s leftovers – it may sound crazy, but if it works for you, do it! I find if I tell myself, “You can always eat it tomorrow.” I put away the leftovers instead of eating more that night. Try it … you may save yourself some pre-bedtime calories. And watch your body gain the fat-burning effects.
小题1:The word “leftovers” in paragraph I probably means ______.
| A．food remaining after a meal | B．things left undone |
| C．meals made of vegetables | D．pizza topped with fruit |
| A．Working women usually have breakfast in a hurry. |
| B．Many people have wrong ideas about breakfast. |
| C．There are some easy ways of cooking a meal. |
| D．Eating vegetables helps save energy. |
| A．eat something for breakfast | B．be careful about what you cat |
| C．heat up food before eating it | D．cat calorie-controlled food |
| A．who go to work early | B．who want to lose weight |
| C．who stay up late | D．who eat before sleep |
Want to be a happy married couple? Consider having kids．
A new study found that having children boosts happiness．And the more, literally, the merrier．
But unmarried couples shouldn’t expect to find greater happiness through child-raising．The study, published in the Oct．14 online edition of the Journal of Happiness Studies, suggests that having children has little or no effect on boosting happiness among couples who aren’t hitched(和谐)．
The findings contradict previous research that suggested that having more offspring doesn"t lead to greater happiness and might even make people less satisfied with their lives．One theory behind the conclusion is that parents don’t receive many rewards in return for the hard work of raising children．
The new study, however, notes that parents say children are one of the most important things in their lives, if not the most important．
The study found that life satisfaction for married people -- women especially -- goes up the more kids they have．Single, separated and co-habiting people, by contrast, report negative experiences．
“One is tempted to advance that children make people rich under the ‘right conditions’ -- a time in life when people feel that they are ready, or at least willing, to enter parenthood,” Dr．Luis Angeles, of the University of Glasgow in Scotland, said in a news release from the journal’s publisher．“This time can come at very different moments for different individuals, but a likely signal of its approach may well be the act of marriage．”
小题1:he underlined word “offspring” in the fourth paragraph can be replaced by _____．
| A．generation | B．children | C．mothers | D．marriage |
| A．Children Are the Source of Happiness |
| B．Are You Happy Married Couple? |
| C．Married with Children Paves Way to Happiness |
| D．The Right Conditions of Having Children |
| A．The more children women have, the happier they are． |
| B．The more children the married women have, the more unsatisfied they become． |
| C．Raising kids can give any person happiness． |
| D．Without marriage, one woman had better not raise kids． |
| A．a time when the couple are ready and willing to become parents |
| B．the situation where the family is rich enough to raise a child |
| C．the situation where the couple are very happy |
| D．a time when the couple thinks raising children can boost happiness |
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