阅读理解。 Secondhand smoke isn"t just a health threat to people. It can also hur
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| 阅读理解。 |
Secondhand smoke isn"t just a health threat to people. It can also hurt dogs and cats,veterinarians
say.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,more than 126 million Americans
who don"t smoke are exposed to secondhand smoke in their homes,vehicles,workplaces,and public
places. This exposure causes thousands of lung cancer and heart disease deaths among nonsmokers
every year,according to the California Environmental Protection Agency.
"Making the leap from the effects of secondhand smoke on humans to their effects on pets isn"t a
big one," says veterinarian (兽医专家) Carolynn MacAllister of Oklahoma State University.
"There have been a number of scientific papers recently that have reported the significant health
threat secondhand smoke poses to pets," MacAllister said. "Secondhand smoke has been associated
with oral cancer and lymphoma in cats,lung and nasal cancer in dogs,as well as lung cancer in birds."
Studies have also shown that dogs living in a smoking household are susceptible to cancers of the
nose and sinus area,particularly if they are a long-nosed breed,because their noses have a greater
surface area that is exposed to carcinogens and a greater area for them to accumulate. Dogs affected
with nasal cancer normally don"t survive for more than one year.
"Short and medium-nosed dogs are more susceptible to lung cancer,because their shorter nasal
passage aren"t as effective at accumulating the inhaled secondhand smoke carcinogens," MacAllister
said. "This results in more carcinogens (致癌物质) reaching the lungs."
Birds are also at risk for lung cancer,as well as pneumonia,because their respiratory systems are
hypersensitive to any type of air pollutant.
To help prevent animals from being adversely affected by smoking,pet owners who smoke should
have a designated smoking area that is separated from the home or stop smoking altogether,MacAllister
said. |
| 1. From the passage,we can see secondhand smoke maybe not harmful to _______. |
A. smokers
B. non-smokers
C. pets
D. trees |
| 2. What can be suggested according to the passage? |
A. Smokers can smoke anywhere.
B. Smokers can smoke at any time.
C. Smokers should smoke in the designated place.
D. Smokers must give up smoking at once. |
| 3. What kind of dogs are likely to suffer from nasal cancer? |
A. Long-nosed dogs
B. Short-nosed dogs
C. Medium-nosed dogs
D. Dogs without noses |
| 4. The best title of the passage is __________. |
A. Secondhand Smoke Causes Cancer in People
B. Secondhand Smoke Causes Cancer in Birds
C. Secondhand Smoke Causes Cancer in Pets
D. Secondhand Smoke Causes Cancer in Cats |
| 5. What is the meaning of the underlined phrase "are susceptible to"? |
A. are likely to be harmed by
B. are hard to be influenced by
C. are less to be effected by
D. are lucky to be caught by |
答案
| 1-5: DCACA |
举一反三
| 阅读理解 |
Living in a green area can make you live longer, according to the research published today. The
research also shows that the difference in life expectancy (平均寿命) between rich and poor becomes
smaller among those who live in an environment with parks and trees.
Richard Mitchell, from Glasgow University, and his colleagues, found that the gap between the
number of deaths of people on high incomes and the number of deaths of those on low incomes in
green areas was half that compared with figures relating to builtup areas.
Green spaces, classified by the researchers as "open, undeveloped land with natural vegetation",
encouraged people to walk and be more active. Exercise in these settings could have greater benefits
than exercise elsewhere, the researchers said.
The benefits potentially go beyond exercise. Studies have shown that being around green spaces
can reduce blood pressure and stress levels, and possibly help patients recover faster.
A number of researchers have looked at the effects of greenery on our wellbeing. But few studies
had looked at whether living in green areas reduced health inequalities, the Glasgow team said.
Using information from a landuse database of 2001, the researchers divided the preretirement
population of England into four groups according to income level, and five groups according to access
to green space. They then looked at death rate for 2001-2005.
They found that the inequality in death rate from all causes relating to lack of money was less in
those populations in the greenest areas compared with the figures for people living in more builtup
places. They found an even stronger relationship when it came to deaths from certain diseases such
as heart conditions and stroke (中风). There was no difference, however, in deaths from lung cancer.
The researchers said that changing the physical environment was an easier way to fight against poor
health than using media campaigns or giving out information on health. "The result of the study is clear,
environments that promote good health might be very important in the fight to reduce health inequalities." |
| 1. The underlined word "that" in Paragraph 2 refers to ________. |
A. the gap
B. the number of deaths
C. the income
D. the living area |
| 2. What was the special point of the Glasgow team"s research? |
A. They offered a scientific definition of "green spaces".
B. They encouraged people to exercise in green areas.
C. They studied the effects of greenery on people"s diseases.
D. They focused on the influence of greenery on health inequalities. |
| 3. What advice would the researchers probably give according to the last paragraph? |
A. More health information should be given to the public.
B. People should take more exercise every day.
C. More trees and grasses should be planted in cities.
D. People should fight against health inequality. |
| 4. What is the main idea of the passage? |
A. People should live in green areas.
B. Green spaces promote good health.
C. Income influences health less than environment.
D. Exercise in green areas benefits people a lot. |
| 阅读理解。 |
Between school, homework, sports, your afterschool job, and hanging out with friends, it may feel
like there"s no time for healthy eating. And when you do stop to eat, it"s probably tempting to go the
quick and easy route by grabbing a burger and fries, potato chips, or candy.
Even if you take time to eat three meals a day, you may still feel hungry at times. This is natural-during
teens, a person"s body demands more nutrients to grow. What"s the answer? Healthy snacks. Snacking
on nutritious food can keep your energy level high and your mind alert without taking up a lot of your
time. Snacks are a great way to satisfy that hunger and get all the vitamins and nutrients your body
needs.
But you need to pay attention to what you eat. Filling your face with a large order of fries after class
may give you a temporary help, but a snack high in fat and calories will only slow you down in the long
run.
To keep energy levels going-and avoid weight gain-keep clear of foods with lots of simple
carbohydrates (sugars) like candy bars or soda. Look for foods that contain complex carbohydrates
like wholegrain breads and cereals and combine them with proteinrich snacks such as peanut butter or
lowfat yogurt (酸奶) or cheese.
Choosing healthy snacks means shopping smart. Be careful of the health claims on food packages.
Just because something is "all natural" or "pure" doesn"t necessarily mean that it"s nutritious. For example, "all natural" juice drinks or sodas can be filled with sugar (which is, after all, a natural ingredient) but all
that sugar means they"ll be high in calories and give you little nutrition.
A granola (麦片) bar is a good example of a snack that people think is healthy. Although granola
bars can be a good source of certain vitamins and nutrients, many also contain a great deal of fat,
including a particularly harmful type of fat called trans fat (反式脂肪酸). Check the Nutrition Facts label
on the package to be sure. |
| 1. People think that granola bar is healthy because ________. |
A. it is a good source of calories
B. it provides trans fat
C. it contains some vitamins
D. it is natural |
| 2. In choosing healthy snacks, we should try to make sure that ________. |
A. they are all natural or pure
B. they are high in nutrition
C. their packages are good
D. they contain harmless fat |
| 3. Teens need snacks to ________. |
A. keep a good figure
B. gain weight
C. help grow
D. keep healthy |
| 4. According to the passage, all the following snacks are good EXCEPT ________. |
A peanut butter
B. fries
C. lowfat yogurt
D. wholegrain bread |
| 阅读理解 |
Nobody has ever succeeded in their attempt to stay young and live a very long life. 1 But is this
really true?
Dr Aubrey de Grey thinks that we can stop people getting old and that in about 20 years, people
will be able to live to be 1,000 years old! 2
In Dr Grey"s opinion, getting old is a problem that can be solved. 3 If we can cure this disease,
we can stop the aging process.We can also make people have young bodies again.
Dr Grey believes that science will soon be able to stop the causes of aging so that a person"s body
won"t get weak and won"t suffer from the typical diseases of old age.
Dr Grey compares the human body to a house.As the house gets older, some things must be
repaired.Broken hearts must be replaced.The same thing can happen with the human body, he thinks.
We can use stem cell technology to grow new, healthy tissue to replace the old, damaged one.We can
also try to remove diseasecausing molecules in our bodies. 4 .
5 However, they admit that Dr Grey"s ideas have not yet been proved wrong.Dr Grey is
convinced that his opinions are realistic and that his research is very important.If aging is a disease, he
says, we must try to cure it.
A. At the same time, people"s bodies will stay young and healthy.
B. Scientists succeeded in solving the problem of aging long ago.
C. A lot of scientists think his ideas not realistic.
D. When our bodies change as we get older, this is like a disease.
E. New deadly diseases may also be cured, if we can stop the aging process.
F. It seems that everybody must get old and die.
G. In this way, a person could easily live to be 1,000 years old. |
| 阅读理解 |
Unlike Britain, the US does not have a national health care service. Most people buy medical
insurance to help pay for medical care. The government only helps pay for some medical care for
the old and the people who are on low incomes. The problems of those who cannot afford insurance
have become an important political subject.
In Britain, when people are ill, they usually go to a family doctor first. However, people in America
sometimes go straight to an expert. Children are usually taken to a doctor who is an expert in the
treatment of children. In Britain, if a patient needs to see a specialist doctor, their family doctor will
usually recommend a specialist, which will save more time and money both for the patients and the
public fund (基金).
In Britain, doctors do not go to people"s homes when they are ill. People always make
appointments to see the doctor in the doctor"s office. In a serious situation, people call for an
ambulance. In America, hospitals must treat all seriously ill patients, even if they do not have medical
insurance. The government will then help pay for some of the cost of the medical care. |
| 1. The majority of Americans pay for medical care ________. |
A. through the national health care service
B. by buying medical insurance
C. with the help of the government
D. by increasing their income |
| 2. The author implies in Paragraph 2 that ________. |
A. Americans don"t trust family doctors
B. family doctors are helpless to the patients
C. he is more in favor of the British medical care service
D. sick children should go to family doctors first |
| 3. In the States, seriously ill patients will ________. |
A. be treated if they have an insurance
B. go to see the doctor by making an appointment
C. receive treatment even without insurance
D. normally go to see an expert for treatment |
| 4. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage? |
A. Health Care in the United States and Britain
B. Types of Doctors in the United States
C. Treatment of Sick Children in the United States
D. Medical Insurance in the United States and Britain |
| 阅读理解 |
Many Chinese have been greatly shocked by the traffic accident caused by the drunk driver Sun
Weiming, who has killed five and injured some others in Chengdu, Sichuan. However, such a case is
not rare.
Today, traffic accidents may have been regarded as a social problem. The car has killed and
disabled more people in its brief history than any bomb or weapon ever invented. Much of the blood
on the street flows actually from rude behavior of drivers who refuse to respect the legal and moral
rights of others. In fact, the enemies of society on wheels are rather harmless but just ordinary people
acting carelessly, you might say. But it is a principle both of law and common morality that carelessness
is no excuse when one"s actions could bring death or damage to others. A minority of the killers go
even far beyond carelessness that can be imagined.
Researchers have estimated that as many as 80 percent of all automobile accidents can be attributed
to the psychological condition of the driver. Emotional upsets can change drivers" reactions, slow their
judgment, and make them blind to the dangers that might otherwise be evident. The experts warn that
it is vital for every driver to make a conscious effort to keep his/her emotions under control.
Yet the irresponsibility that accounts for much of the problem isn"t only put upon drivers. Street
walkers regularly ignore or break traffic regulations. They are blamed in most vehiclewalker accidents,
and many cyclists even believe that they are not subject to the basic rules of the road.
Significant legal advances have been made towards safer driving in the past few years. Safety
standards for vehicles have been raised both at the point of manufacture and through regular road
inspections. In addition, speed limits have been lowered. Due to these measures, the accident rate
has decreased. But the accident experts still worry because there has been little or no improvement
in the way drivers behave. The only real and lasting solution, say the experts, is to make people believe
that driving is a skilled task requiring constant care and concentration. Those who fail to do all these
things present a threat to those with whom they share the road. |
| 1. Traffic accidents may be regarded as a social problem because ________. |
A. auto driving has become dangerous and harmful in today"s society
B. people usually pay no attention to law and morality when driving
C. they have caused serious psychological problems among drivers
D. the car has killed and disabled more people than any weapon in history |
| 2. Who are NOT mentioned to be responsible for the road accidents in the passage? |
A. Careless bicycleriders.
B. Careless people walking in the street.
C. Irresponsible auto drivers.
D. Irresponsible auto manufacturers. |
| 3. By discussing solutions to traffic accidents, the author seems to be ________. |
A. doubtful and hopeless
B. angry and disappointed
C. objective and concerned
D. anxious and annoyed |
| 4. The author writes this passage to ________. |
A. show his worries about drunk driving
B. help protect street walkers from car accidents
C. discuss traffic problems and possible solutions
D. warn auto drivers to refuse drunk driving |
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