In some science fiction movies, evil robots refuse to die, no matter how hard pe
题型：不详难度：来源：
In some science fiction movies, evil robots refuse to die, no matter how hard people fight back.
Now science fiction has become science fact. For the first time, scientists have made a robot that can take a beating and keep on going. Scientists from Cornell University made the robot, which looks like a spider with four legs.
Until now, even the most advanced (先进的) robot was almost certain to break down when it was damaged (毁坏). That is because its computer inside simply doesn’t know how to make the machine work after its shape has changed.
To deal with this problem, the scientists put eight motors (发动机) and two sensors (传感器) that read how the machine is working. They all give signals to the machine’s software. Using this information, the computer can then figure out the machine’s shape at any moment.
The new technology is a big advance in robot-making, scientists say, and it’s far from scary. It may someday help scientists create better artificial (假的) arms and legs and give new freedom to people who lose them. It might also help scientists understand how people and animals figure out their own sense of place in space.
“It has been difficult to design robots that can work well when the environment changes or when it’s damaged,” says Olaf Sporns of Indiana University in US. “With this work, we are nearer to solving this problem.”
小题1:Why do robots easily break down when they are damaged?
| A．They cannot repair themselves. |
| B．The computer has changed a lot. |
| C．They have no computers inside. |
| D．The computer cannot work if the robot changes. |
| A．keep working after being damaged |
| B．tell people where it is |
| C．do house work for humans |
| D．remember a lot of information |
| A．sensors | B．robots | C．scientists | D．arms and legs |
| A．They can replace the computer when it’s broken. |
| B．They help the computer learn the robot’s condition. |
| C．They can find out where the damage comes from. |
| D．They can send signals to the person who uses the robot. |
答案
小题1:D
小题2:A
小题3:D
小题4:B
解析
试题分析：这篇文章讲述了为了解决机器人一旦被损坏就不能工作的问题，科学家给机器人里面放了八个发动机和两个传感器，这个新的技术还能帮助科学家给人们创造出更好的假肢。
小题1:细节题。根据文章That is because its computer inside simply doesn’t know how to make the machine work after its shape has changed. 可知，当机器人被毁坏了就很容易发生故障，是因为如果机器人改变了，电脑就不能工作了。故选D
小题2:细节题。根据文章To deal with this problem, the scientists put eight motors (发动机) and two sensors (传感器) that read how the machine is working.可知，新的技术就是解决了机器人被损害时不能工作的这个问题。故选A
小题3:推断题。根据文章It may someday help scientists create better artificial (假的) arms and legs and give new freedom to people who lose them.机器人有一天能够帮助科学家发明出更好的假肢，帮助那些失去了胳膊和腿的人重新获得自由。可知，them的意思是arms and legs。故选D
小题4:细节题。根据文章第三段可知，传感器能够帮助电脑了解机器人的情况。故选B
点评：本文的文章短小精炼，对于此类文章首先必须对每句话都要认真地阅读理解。初中的阅读绝大多数是细节题，考察学生信息的把握能力。对于细节题，学生在理解全文的基础上要对题目中关键字在文章中迅速定位，找到相对应的出处，再仔细对比找出答案。
举一反三
London has a new magazine. But it is not printed(印刷) on paper. Everyone who has a television can receive it because it is on TV.
In order to read this magazine you have to have a decoder (解码器). Each page of it is numbered, so you only have to dial the number to choose which subject you want to read about. There are all kinds of information ---everything is included from cooking to the latest sports news.
If you want to read the news, the first thing you have to do is to turn to the back page, which has an easy-to-remember page number, 100 for example. Then you start choosing what you want to read. The news is on page 101 to 109, so you put in the numbers and the news appears written across your screen. Perhaps you want to go out in the afternoon, so you press 181, and a brightly colored weather map appears on the screen. But the weather is terrible, so you decide to go shopping and dial 162 for a list of the week’s best bargains. But should you drive or take the train? To answer that question you only have to press 189 for the traffic report. It is very simple to use. But probably the best thing about the service is that it is being updated all the time. Journalists type new material directly onto the screen and the whole pages of the magazine can be replaced in minutes.
London already has three services. One, sent out by TV, is called ORACLE while the other two, on BBC, are called CEEFAX because they let you see facts. Although CEEFAX and ORACLE have been operating for some time, they have not been well publicized(宣传). BBC engineers do not think that their idea will ever replace books and newspapers because they can be taken with you everywhere. But many people would agree that is a breakthrough(突破) as great as the invention of printing, which could not just change our reading habits but our whole way of life.
小题1: We can know from the passage that in London .
| A．the magazine is available at any local home |
| B．most of the postmen will lose their jobs some day |
| C．everyone can read this magazine if they have a television |
| D．the readers can get various kinds of information staying at home |
| A．magazine | B．program | C．decoder | D．subject |
| A．work out the total(合计) of certain numbers |
| B．read the information sent by TV signals |
| C．go shopping and have other entertainment |
| D．receive some special TV program for entertainment |
| A．a new magazine printed in London |
| B．an up-to-date way of getting information |
| C．a popular TV program about magazines |
| D．an advanced technology helping people communicate |
| Unit | Readings | Skills | Words |
| Unit 1 Music | *Music & Feelings *Sad movies | *Understanding main ideas *Predicting by title | *Kinds of Music *Music stars |
| Unit 2 Sports | *National Sports *The ancient Olympic Games | *Understanding main ideas *Guessing meaning of new words | *Action verbs *Names of sports Sports tools |
| Unit 3 Weather | *Weather service *Weather and nature | *Understanding main ideas *Guessing meaning of new words | *Weather conditions *Weather information |
| Unit 4 Culture | *Travelling in India *Body language in the United States | *Understanding main ideas *Predicting by title *Making inferences | *Cultural studies *Culture and art |
| Unit 5 Space | *Living in space *The planets | *Understanding main ideas *Understanding attitude | *Space news *Space terms |
| A．National sports | B．Sad movies | C．The planets | D．Weather service |
| A．Unit 1 | B．Unit 2 | C．Unit 3 | D．Unit 4 |
| A．music stars | B．weather conditions | C．sports tools | D．space news |
| A．Living in space | B．Travelling in India |
| C．Music & Feelings | D．The ancient Olympic Games |
| A．predicting by title | B．understanding attitude |
| C．understanding main ideas | D．guessing meaning of new words |
Thousands of years ago, people didn’t know that the Earth moved. They thought the sun really did move across the sky. The Greek god Helios was said to drive the sun around the sky with his chariot（战车）. But now, these ideas have all changed. Nowadays, it is the sun that drives our “chariot” around the sky.
So what does all this mean? Well, quite simply, there is now a plane （or “chariot”） that is powered by the sun. It has special parts in its wings. These parts absorb power from the sun. They absorb so much power that they can carry on flying at night. In the Greek myths（希腊神话）, Helios had to take a break at night. It seems we’re finally even more efficient than the gods themselves.
This plane is called Solar Impulse （“太阳驱动”号）. It will fly across the US in May. This is very important for the future of the world.
So why is solar energy so good for us? Well, other kinds of energy cause a few problems. If you live in China, you’ve probably noticed the pollution. This is caused by burning coal or gas to make energy. The heat and chemicals（化学制品）from this make things work. But if we use the heat from the sun, we don’t have to burn anything, and there’s no pollution.
Solar energy is not all there yet. It needs to be improved. But the best thing about it is that, unlike coal and gas, it doesn’t run out. Solar Impulse could keep flying forever. Well, actually, the sun will run out too, one day, but not for another 5 billion years. That’s a pretty long flight.
小题1:What does “chariot” really refer to in the last sentence of Paragraph 1?
| A．The Earth. | B．The Greek god. | C．Solar Impulse. | D．Birds. |
| A．It can only fly at night. | B．It has already flown across the US. |
| C．It is powered by the sun. | D．It needs gas to work. |
| A．Overpopulation. | B．Burning coal or gas. |
| C．Using solar energy. | D．Heavy traffic. |
| A．It takes a lot of time to get Solar Impulse going. |
| B．Solar Impulse moves very slowly. |
| C．Solar Impulse will be in use for a long time. |
| D．Solar Impulse has a long way to go to take the place of the sun. |
| A．a Greek myth | B．a science fiction | C．a story-book | D．a science magazine |
Growing mushrooms（蘑菇）is probably the easiest thing you can do even if you are new to mushroom growing. It is becoming more common because restaurants are starting to create more dishes that include mushrooms.
Mushroom growing is easy. To start, you need to have a space where you are going to grow these mushrooms. It does not have to be a huge space but just enough for you to grow as many mushrooms as you need. When you have found the space perfect for you, you can start researching what kind of mushrooms you want to grow. There are a lot of mushrooms to choose from and not all of them are suitable to eat.
When you decide what kind of mushrooms you want to grow, you can start getting ready to plant the mushrooms. Sometimes you may want to hire some workers to help if you have a large mushroom farm, or if you are trying to start a professional mushroom growing business. Trying to have a business by yourself can be stressful. If you don’t have enough time to spend taking care of everything yourself, some helpers may be the best choice.
After you have started the mushroom growing, you should regularly check that your mushrooms grow properly and that they are not being attacked by any pesticides（农药）or any other animals or something that could be dangerous to them. That is the worst part of mushroom developing. Protect your mushroom farm well with a fence（围栏）or a gate so that only you and your workers can get in and out.
Mushroom growing is not difficult and it is easy to get stared in the world of farming. You will soon possibly be able to provide some of the great cooks of the world with high quality mushrooms that will be enjoyed by thousands of people all over the world.
小题1:According to the passage, many people begin to plant mushrooms probably _________.
| A．because they are in great need. | B．because they look very beautiful |
| C．because they are healthy food | D．because they are very expensive |
a. Choose suitable mushrooms. b. Protect your mushrooms well.
c. Find some workers to help you. d. Start to grow the mushrooms.
e. Find a place to plant your mushrooms.
| A．c—a—d—b—e | B．e—a—c—d—b | C．c—a—e—b—d | D．e—a—d—b—c |
| A．pesticides can be used in mushroom growing |
| B．anyone can produce high quality mushrooms. |
| C．after starting, you should always take care of the mushrooms |
| D．having a mushroom business is not so difficult |
| A．Although you don’t know much about growing mushrooms, you can do it easily. |
| B．you can choose a suitable space, just big enough for you to grow mushrooms. |
| C．All mushrooms aren’t suitable to eat. |
| D．The worst part of mushroom developing is to protect your mushrooms farm well with fence. |
| A．Healthy mushrooms | B．The value of mushrooms |
| C．How to choose mushrooms | D．Suggestions on growing mushrooms |
Tell the truth. Have you ever copied someone else’s work on an exam? Don’t do it again! That’s not something an honest student should do. If you have played computer games for two hours in your room, don’t tell your parents you have done homework.
Do more at school. Good students love animals and care for other people. April is Bird-loving month in China. Is your school doing anything to celebrate? You should join! In that way, you can learn more about animals and how to protect them. When more people work together, it makes it more fun for everyone.
Have you ever quarreled with your teammates when your basketball team lost? Only working together can make your team stronger. Be friendly to the people you are with. Try to think of others, not only yourself.
Be open to new ideas. Have you ever thought that people could live on the moon? Maybe you’ll discover Earth Ⅱ some day. Don’t look down on new ideas. Everyone’s ideas are important. You should welcome them, because new ideas make life better for everyone.
Protect yourself. Has someone ever taken money from one of your classmates? Don’t let it happen to you. If you have to go home late, you should let your parents know.
Use the Internet carefully. The Internet can be very useful for your studies. But some things on the Internet aren’t for kids, so try to look at web pages that are good for you. You can use the web for fun or homework. Can’t you find any good websites for children? Here are some: Http:// kids.eastday.com, Http://www. chinakids. net. com, http ://www. cycnet.com.
根据短文内容，选择最佳选项,将其标号在答题卡上涂黑。（每小题2分，共10分）
小题1:The new school rules will help kids by telling them ___________.
| A．how they can study well | B．what they should do at school |
| C．what is right and what is wrong | D．how they can protect themselves |
| A．Take care of yourself when you are out. | B．Tell the truth, even when you are wrong. |
| C．Keep some animals to protect them. | D．Use the Internet, but keep away from bad things. |
| A．making the team stronger | B．helping each other |
| C．being a good friend to others | D．getting on well with others |
| A．be a waste of time | B．help them with their studies |
| C．do homework for them | D．make life easier |
| A．be top students | B．do more at school |
| C．care for others | D．use the Internet |
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