The exact number of English words is not known. The large dictionaries have ove
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The exact number of English words is not known. The large dictionaries have over half a million entries, but many of these are compound words (schoolroom, sugar bowl) or different derivatives of the same word (rare—rarely, rarefy), and a good many are obsolete words to help us read older literature. Dictionaries do not attempt to cover completely words that we can draw on: the informal vocabulary, especially slang, localism, the terms of various occupations and professions; words use only occasionally by scientists and specialists in many fields; foreign words borrowed for use in English; or many new words or new senses of words that come into use every year and that may or may not be used long enough to warrant being included. It would be conservative to say that there are over a million English words that any of us might meet in our listening and reading and that we may draw on in our speaking and writing.
Professor Seashore concluded that firstgraders enter school with at least 2,000 words and add 5,000 each year so that they leave high school with at least 80,000. These figures are for recognition vocabulary, the words we understand when we read or hear them. Our active vocabulary, the words we use in speaking and writing, is considerably smaller.
You cannot always produce a word exactly when you want it. But consciously using the words you recognize in reading will help get them into your active vocabulary. Occasionally in your reading pay particular attention to these words, especially when the subject is one that you might well write or talk about. Underline or make a list of words that you feel a need for and look up the less familiar ones in a dictionary. And then before very long find a way to use some of them.
Once you know how they are pronounced and what they stand for, you can safely use them.
46. In the author´s estimation, there are ____ words in English.
A. more than half a million B. at least 24,000
C. at least 80,000 D. more than a million
47. The word “obsolete” most probably means ____.
A. no longer in use B. profound C. colorful or amusing D. common
48. One´s recognition vocabulary is ____.
A. less often used than his active vocabulary
B. smaller than his active vocabulary
C. as large as his active vocabulary
D. much larger than his active vocabulary
49. The author does not suggest getting recognition vocabulary into active vocabulary by ____.
A. making a list of words you need and looking up the new ones in a dictionary
B. everyday spending half an hour study the dictionary
C. consciously using the words you recognize in reading
D. trying to use the words you recognize
50. From this passage we learn that ____.
A. dictionaries completely cover the words we can make use of
B. “schoolroom” is used in the passage as an example of a specialized term
C. once you know how a word is pronounced and what it represents, you have turned it into your active word
D. active vocabulary refers to words we understand when we read and hear them |
答案
小题1:D
小题2:A
小题3:D
小题4:B
小题5:C |
解析
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举一反三
第二节 完形填空(共20小题；每小题1．5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36—55各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Liberal education is becoming the task of teachers. It is 36 not only to teach and learn knowledge, but also develop a person" s character. Its 37 is to teach each student to think for himself and make 38 decisions. Now liberal education has a great effect on the world. Much work has been done to 39 a better way of teaching.
In a liberal 40 , students are encouraged to have their own thoughts and their own ideas 41 they have lessons which are often held in the form of 42 . They are properly guided to 43 the knowledge learned. Punishment 44 exists. Teachers and students are just like 45
The 46 is of course a perfect one if it can really be carried out. However, it 47 exists in the imagination and will never be realized. We must admit that children should at least be 48 properly. Just close your 49 and think how many students will 50 the duties of a student if they are not pushed. What is the 51 of advice only if it is not supported by a reasonable 52 of control and punishment?
It is 53 for us to judge the success and failure of the kind of education now, but 54 the behavior of the children, which is actually the 55 of liberal education, we can see that something must be done to help these children.
C. refused
C. reason
C. wild
C. find
C. classroom
C. when
C.outside activities
C. write
C. no longer
C. parents
C. case
C. even
C. considered
C. minds
C. perform
C. use
C. person
C. hard
C. about
C. result
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D. reported
D. cause
D. wide
D. teach
D. playground
D. where
D.group discussions
D. review
D. once more
D. partners
D. truth
D. never
D. punished
D. classes
D. return
D. kind
D. master
D. proper
D. from
D. purpose
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B. needed
B. aim
B. wise
B. make
B. school
B. before
B. practice
B. use
B. more or less
B. enemies
B. fact
B. only
B. guided
B. eyes
B. make
B. matter
B. request
B. possible
B. against
B. goal
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36. A. designed 37. A. result
38. A. quick
39. A. hold
40. A. class
41. A. after
42. A. playing
43. A. remember
44. A. for ever
45. A. strangers
46. A. idea
47. A. also
48. A. liked
49. A. doors
50. A. order
51. A. meaning
52. A. degree
53. A. easy
54. A. with
55. A. progress |
Under normal conditions the act of communication requires the presence of at least two persons: one who sends and one who receives the communication. In order to communicate thoughts and feelings, there must be a conventional system of signs of symbols which mean the same to the sender and the receiver.
The means of sending communications are too numberous and varied for systematic classification, therefore, the analysis must begin with the means of receiving communication. Reception of communicatio isachievedbyourenses.Sight,hearing,andtouch play the most important roles. Smell and taste paly very limited roles, for they cannot receive intellectual expression from fully developed systems of signs and symbols
Examples of visual communication are gesture and mimicry (模仿). Although both frequently ac- company speech, there are systems that rely solely on sight, such as those used by deaf and dumb per- sons. Another means of communication visually is by signals of fire, smoke, flags and flashing lights. Feelings may be simply communicated by touch, such as by handshaking or backslapping, although a highly developed system of handstriking has enabled blind, deaf, and dumb persons to communicate intelligently. Whistling to someone, applauding in a theater, and other forms of communication by sound rely upon the ear as a receiver. The most fully developed form of auditory communication is, of course, the spoken language.
The means of communication mentioned so far have two features in common: they last only a short time and the persons involved must be relatively close to each other. Therefore, all are restricted in time and space.
64. The author explains he will deal with reception of communication first because
A. communication actually takes place when the message is received
B. there are more means of receiving than of sending cmmunication
C.reception of communications involves use of the senses
D.it is difficult to organize by type the means of sending communication
65. Persons who cannot see, hear, or speak are able to communicate through a system of
A. gesturing B. handshaking C. backslapping D. handstriking
66. A form of visual communication often used with a type of auditory communicati
A. gesturing B. handshaking C. backslapping D. handstriking
67. The author specifically mentions that speech is
A. often used when communication by touch
B. necessary for satisfactory communication by gesture
C. the only highly developed system of communication
D.the most developed form of communication based on hearing
68.Which of the following statements about communication by touch is true?
A. Touch is less important than taste as a means of communication.
B. There is no well-developed system of communication based on touch.
C. It is possible to communicate intelligently by touch alone.
D. Touch must accompany visual communication. |
Attending a university is an important part of a person’s life. Today, many people go to a university to study and train for a future job in subjects like law, medicine, or education. But the university is not a modern invention. It has a history that is over a thousand years old.
The world’s oldest university, Al-Azhar, is in Cairo, Egypt. It was first built as a mosque in A.D. 972. A few years later, learners and teachers began meeting in the mosque in “tutoring circles”. They read and talked about the subject of law. Around 988, leaders in the city of Cairo decided to create a school for higher learning and the University of Al-Azhar was founded.
At Al-Azhar, there were many university ‘firsts.’ Courses were created. The earliest ones taught at Al-Azhar were in law and religion. In a course, students read and studied with the teacher, but there was also free discussion. Often, students and teachers talked about a topic, and there was no ‘right’ answer. Finally, scholars from around the world came to Al-Azhar to teach and do research. At the university, people studied the past, but it was also a place for sharing new ideas.
Over a thousand years later, Al-Azhar is still an important university in the world. Its library contains more than 250,000 of the world’s oldest and most valuable books. Today, many of the world’s most important universities such as Oxford and Harvard still follow the traditions started at Al-Azhar.
小题1:What’s this passage mainly about?| A．The history of the world’s oldest university. | | B．The importance of attending a university. | | C．The relationship between university and future job. | | D．The invention of a modern university. |
小题2: The first university was founded over _____ years ago.| A．a hundrend | B．hundreds of | C．a thousand | D．thousands of |
小题3:The oldest university in the world is _____.| A．Oxford | B．Cambridge | C．Harvard | D．Al-Azhar |
小题4: What does the underlined word “course” mean in this passage?
A. A series of lessons. C. A period of time.
C. A series of actions. D. A group of professors.
小题5:What’s the main idea of the last paragraph?| A．How many books are in the Al-Azhar’s library. | | B．How valuable the Al-Azhar’s books are. | | C．Why Oxford and Harvard still follow Al-Azhar’s pattern. | | D．How Al-Azhar still holds an important role in the world. |
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Student Services
Students" Union
Every University has a Students" Union. If students are the lifeblood of a university, the Union is surely its beating heart.
For students, by students
A Students’ Union is run by students and acts independently. At the end of each academic year, it will find six students to hold a sabbatical（带有休假的） position managing the Union for the coming year. That the six successful sabbatical officers have only recently experienced issues affecting students ensures that your needs are very well understood.
Letting your hair down
Although the University is spread across a fairly wide area, the Union is centrally located and is only a short walk from any of the main buildings. This makes it very easy to catch up with friends who might be on a different course.
At night, the place really comes alive – we have three different bars to suit every occasion. The venues are student-only so you can be sure of meeting people with a similar outlook and we throw in a transport service to make sure you get home safely.
The Union also organizes various formal balls throughout the year, with the highlight being the end-of-year ball.
Supporting you
Beyond having fun, we also make sure some of the more serious issues are effectively dealt with. If you have a problem with your course, another sabbatical officer is trained to help you. Being independent from the University means we can represent and support you to the best of our ability, and once you reach university you may find that you become aware of more national or political issues.
小题1:From the second paragraph of the passage, we can infer that ______.| A．a Students’ Union is operated by the university | | B．a Students’ Union is not operated by the university | | C．a Students’ Union is operated is working for the university | | D．a Students’ Union is affected by the university |
小题2: The person who takes up a certain post of the Students’ Union ______.| A．learns what the students need | | B．is very happy and easy | | C．can affect the life of any student | | D．has understood everything of the University |
小题3:According to the third paragraph, we can learn that ______.| A．a Students’ Union is far away from the university | | B．a Students’ Union is near to the home | | C．a Students’ Union is central part of the university | | D．a Students’ Union has different courses for all the students |
小题4:From the passage, we can learn that ______ is the most wonderful program of every year.| A．making friends | | B．dancing in a bar | | C．the match of the end-year ball | | D．electing the officers |
小题5:After reading the last two parts, we can infer that _______.| A．the Students’ Union can help a student who has trouble in the study | | B．the Students’ Union can help a student who is being trained | | C．the Students’ Union can cultivate the ability of a student to be suitable for political position | | D．the Students’ Union can support a student to run the University |
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The marine environment is fascinating to study and work in due to its beauty, richness, and complexity. It covers three quarters of the surface of the Earth, yet we know more detail about the surface of Mars.
In the past, it was seen as both an inexhaustible resource and a bottomless sink for our wastes. Yet the increasing pressures of overpopulation, pollution and the threat to our natural environment mean that there is an increasing need for scientists who can understand how it all works, how it affects us, and how we are affecting it from global warming through to the smallest plankton.
From local issues to global concerns, we now know that the marine environment is inextricably linked to our lives, and to our future survival. It is an area where much remains to be discovered, and where only a multidisciplinary approach can cover the breadth of issues to be confronted. This is the approach taken on our Marine Environmental Science degree course.
This course takes a multi-disciplinary approach to explore and understand the marine environment. After an initial grounding in basic science, optional choices are available in specialist topics such as marine ecosystems and pollution, coastal navigation and oceanography, among others.
Our new harbor side marine laboratory is used for some of the specialist lectures, laboratory and project work, while a week"s residential field course in the Isle of Man provides training to prepare for the research project conducted in your final year. There is an optional trip to Belize in the final year to study tropical marine environments.
小题1: From the passage, we can infer that ______.| A．people waste a lot of resource | | B．marine environment covers 3/4 of the surface of Mars | | C．marine environment is beautiful for its sufficient resources | | D．the Earth is similar to Mars |
小题2:The present environment of the Earth forces the experts and scholars to study ______.| A．the relationship between people’s actions and natural environment | | B．the relationship between people’s actions and pollution | | C．the relationship between people’s actions and overpopulation | | D．the relationship between people’s actions and plankton |
小题3: According to the passage, a multi-disciplinary approach is effective because _______.| A．we can choose some issues as optionally as we can | | B．we have practiced the approach for a long time | | C．the approach is linked to our future survival | | D．the approach covers a lot of problems we will meet |
小题4:We can divide the lectures of the course into ______ parts.小题5:If a student choose marine Environmental Science degree course, he must ______.
A. make lectures about the issues to be confronted
B. provide training to get ready to do research project
C. take several days residential field in the Isle
travel to Belize to study tropical marine environments
Answers: |
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