阅读理解。 Over the summer, 18－years－old Roberto Mancera of Chandler wasn"t lo
题型：同步题难度：来源：
Over the summer, 18－years－old Roberto Mancera of Chandler wasn"t looking forward to dances,
football games or even his last year in high school.He was more excited about building a robot that will
compete in the sixth annual FIRST Robotics Competition (FRC)Arizona Regional.
FIRST stands for For Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology, a nonprofit
organization that believes the heroes of today"s youth should be engineers, not sports or pop stars.They
aim to change the culture by hosting athleticlike competitions for robots，with cheering fans, mascots (吉祥物) and music.
Mancera and a team of about 14 of his schoolmates will compete this year against 44 other high
school teams from all over Arizona，California and New Mexico at the Arizona Veterans Memorial
Coliseum in Phoenix.Finalists will move on to the FRC 2009 Championship in Atlanta to face teams from
48 states and seven other countries.
For the 40 regional events worldwide, a similar“ kit (工具包) of parts” is given to each of the 1,680
teams from around the globe every January.The robot functions are different every year, and after a
sixweek building season, robots are boxed up and shipped off to the competition"s destination.
The competition has a minimum $6,000 entrance fee, and students are sponsored and mentored by
adult professionals and experts，like computer science teacher Sam Alexander, 39, at Chan
dler High.“I
try to give the kids the challenge and they try to figure it out，” he said.“They work through the entire
scientific method without me giving them the answers.”
FIRST students are also eligible(有资格的)to apply for $9.7 million in college scholarships,
something that Alexander"s students have taken advantage of.
“You learn skills that your average student isn"t learning.” Mancera said.“It"s really amazing, and I"ve
been able to meet a lot of interesting people.” Mancera said that he found himself when he joined the
robot ics team.He now has set a career goal and has learned valuable leadership skills.
B．choose heroes for today"s youth
C．develop the interest of young people in sports
D．create a culture of valuing technology
B．decorated similarly
C．a teammade product
D．a copy of famous robots
B．Controlled．
C．Judged．
D．Replaced
B．He has become the hero for his classmates．
C．It has helped him to decide his future career．
D．It has allowed him to make a lot of friends with the same interest．
答案
举一反三
The study, authored by psychology professor Joseph Forgas at the University of New South Wales,showed that people in a negative mood were more critical of, and paid more attention to, their surroundings than happier people, who were more likely to believe anything they were told.
"Although positive mood seems to promote creativity, flexibility, cooperation, and reliance on mental shortcuts, negative moods trigger (引发) more attentive,careful thinking, paying greater attention to the external world," Forgas wrote.
"Our research suggests that sadness...promotes information processing strategies best suited to dealing with more demanding situations."
For the study,Forgas and his team conducted several experiments that started with inducing happy or sad moods in their subjects through watching films and recalling positive or negative events.
In one of the experiments,happy and sad participants were asked to judge the truth of urban myths and rumors and found that people in a negative mood were less likely to believe these statements.
People in a bad mood were also less likely to make snap decisions based on racial or religious prejudices, and they were less likely to make mistakes when asked to recall an event that they witnessed.
The study also found that sad people were better at stating their case through written arguments, which Forgas said showed that a "mildly negative mood may actually promote a more concrete, accommodative and ultimately more successful communication style."
"Positive mood is not universally desirable: people in negative mood are less prone to judgmental errors,are more resistant to eyewitness distortions (扭曲) and are better at producing highquality, effective persuasive messages," Forgas wrote.
The study was published in the November/December edition of the Australian Science journal.
B. shows less concern about others
C. is willing to believe what he hears
D. cares more about his surroundings
B. Being stubborn.
C. Being careful.
D. Concentration.
B. By listening to happy or sad stories.
C. By dealing with demanding situations.
D. By thinking back on their past experience
B. Sad people remembered what they saw precisely.
C. Cheerful people were less likely to believe rumors.
D. People in bad mood tend to make quick decisions.
B. bad moods can actually be good for us
C. we should think positively and negatively
D. the Australian study is of practical value
__________________________________________________________
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foods in an attempt to appear more American, a new study finds. That"s one reason why immigrants
approach US levels of obesity within 15 years of moving to America.
The researchers also did an experiment that measured whether or not the threat of appearing un－
American influenced respondents" food choices. After being questioned about their ability to speak
English, 75 percent of Asian－Americans identified a typical American food as their favourite. Only 25
percent of Asian－Americans who had not been asked if they spoke English did the same.
When their American identity was called into question during a follow－up study, Asian－American
participants also tended to choose typical American dishes, such as hamburgers and cheese sandwiches. In that experiment, 55 Asian－Americans were asked to choose a meal from a local Asian or American
restaurant. Some participants were told that only Americans could participate in the study. Those who
chose the more typical American fare ended up consuming an extra 182 calories, including 12 grams of
fat and 7 grams of saturated fat (饱和脂肪)．
"People who feel like they need to prove they belong to a culture will change their habits in an attempt
to fit in."said Sauna Cheryan, an author of the study and assistant professor of psychology at the
University of Washington."If immigrants and their children choose unhealthy American foods over
healthier traditional foods across their lives, this process of fitting in could lead to poorer health." Cheryan added.
Social pressures, the study concluded, are at the heart of the problem. "In American society today,
being American is associated with being white. Americans, who don"t fit this image even if they were
born here and speak English, feel that pressure to prove that they"re American. " said Cheryan.
A. more and more Asians enjoy high－calorie snacks
B. immigrants tend to eat American junk food to fit in
C. most Americans are at the risk of heart disease
D. all the American people have a bad eating habit
2. According to the survey,______.
A. Asian－Americans care less about their health
B. 25 percent of Americans like junk food
C. choosing food is related to Asian－Americans" situation
D. immigrants are forced to eat junk food
3. The underlined word"fare"in Paragraph 4 most probably means"________"．
A. food offered as a meal
B. a person taking a taxi
C. money spent on food
D. an arranged thing to do
4. According to Sauna Cheryan,________.
A. what immigrants have done is ridiculous.
B. American traditional foods are healthier
C. immigrants risk their health in order to fit in
D. American culture affects immigrants deeply
becoming hotter and hotter. There"s also strong evidence that humans are contributing to the warming.
Countless recent reports have proved the same thing. For instance, a 2010 summary about the climate
science by the Royal Society noted that:"The global warming over the last half－century has been caused mainly by human activity."
You may not believe that humans could change the planet"s climate, but the basic science is well
understood. Each year, billions of tons of greenhouse gases are released into the atmosphere because of
human activity. As has been known for years, these gaseshold heat that would otherwise escape to space, wrapping the planet in an invisible(看不见的) blanket.
Of course, the earth"s climate has always been changing due to "natural" factors such as volcanic
eruption (熔化) or changes in solar, or cycles concerning the Earth"s going around the sun. According to
the scientific research, however, the warming observed by now matches the pattern of warming we would expect from a build－up of greenhouse gas in the atmosphere－not the warming we would expect from
other possible causes.
Even if scientists did discover another reasonable explanation for the warming recorded so far, that
would give birth to a difficult question. As Robert Henson puts it: "If some newly discovered factor is to
blame for the climate change, then why aren"t carbon dioxide and the other greenhouse gases producing
the warming that basic physics tells us they should be?"
The only way to prove with 100% certainty that humans are responsible for global warming would be
to run an experiment with two identical Earths－one with human influence and one without. That obviously isn"t possible, and so most scientists are careful not to state human influence as an absolute certainty.
1. In most scientists" opinion, the global warming is mainly caused by________.
A. solar activity
B. volcanic activity
C. natural factors
D. human factors
2. The text is developed by________.
A. giving typical examples
B. following the order of space
C. analyzing a theory and arguing it
D. comparing and finding differences
3. The underline word "identical" in the last paragraph probably means________.
A. totally different
B. exactly the same
C. extremely important
D. partly independent
4. Which of the following can be the best title?
A. Are All the Scientists Really Scientific?
B. Where Is Global Warming Leading Us to?
C. Are Humans Definitely Causing Global Warming?
D. What"s Relation of Global Warming and Greenhouse Gases?
science can be easy；there"s no need for a lot of scientific terms or expensive lab equipment.You only
have to share your children"s curiosity.Firstly, listen to their questions.I once visited a classroom of s
evenyearolds to talk about science as a job.The children asked me" textbook questions" about schooling,
salary and whether I liked my job.When I finished answering,we sat facing one another in silence.Finally I
said, "Now that we"re finished with your lists, do you have questions of your own about science?"
After a long pause, a boy raised his hand, "Have you ever seen a grasshopper(蚱蜢) eat? When I try
eating leaves like that,I get a stomachache.Why?"
This began a set of questions that lasted nearly two hours.
Secondly, give them time to think.Studies over the past 30 years have shown that, after asking a
question, adults typically wait only one second or less for an answer,no time for a child to think.When
adults increase their " wait time" to three seconds or more, children give more logical, complete and
creative answers.
Thirdly, watch your language.Once you have a child involved in a science discussion, don"t jump in
with "That"s right" or" Very good". These words work well when it comes to encouraging good behavior.
But in talking about science, quick praise can signal that discussion is over.Instead, keep things going by
saying" That"s interesting" or" I"d never thought of it that way before", or coming up with more questions or ideas.
Never push a child to"Think",It doesn"t make sense.Children are always thinking, without your telling
them to.What"s more, this can turn a conversation into a performance.The child will try to find the answer
you want,in as few words as possible, so that he will be a smaller target for your disagreement.
Lastly, show; don"t tell.Reallife impressions of nature are far more impressive than any lesson children
can learn from a book or a television program.Let children look at their fingertips through a magnifying
glass (放大镜), and they"ll understand why you want them to wash before dinner.Rather than saying that
water evaporates (蒸发), set a pot of water to boil and let them watch the water level drop.
1. According to the passage, children are natural scientists, and to raise their interests,the most important
thing for adults to do is________.
A. to let them see the world around
B. to share the children"s curiosity
C. to explain difficult phrases about science
D. to supply the children with lab equipment
2. In the last sentence of the first paragraph, the word" lists" could best be replaced by ________.
A. any questions
B. any problems
C. questions from textbooks
D. any number of questions
3. According to the passage, children
can answer questions in a more logical, complete and creative way if adults________.A. ask them to answer quickly
B. wait for one or two seconds after a question
C. tell them to answer the next day
D. wait at least for three seconds after a question
4. In which of the following paragraph(s) does the author tell us what to say to encourage children in a science discussion?
A. The second and third.
B. The fourth and fifth.
C. The fifth and sixth.
D. The seventh.
of the major qualities that make up emotional intelligence, and how they can be developed.
1.Self-awareness. The ability to recognize a feeling as it happens is the keystone of emotional
intelligence. People with greater certainty about their emotions are better pilots of their lives.
Developing self-awareness requires tuning in to what neurologist Antonio Damasio calls "gut feelings". Gut
feelings can occur without a person being consciously aware of them. For example, when people who fear snakes are shown a picture of a snake, sensors on their skin will detect sweat, a sign of anxiety, even
though the people say they do not feel fear. The sweat shows up even when a picture is presented so
rapidly that the subject has no conscious awareness of seeing it.
Through deliberate effort we can become more aware of our gut feelings. Take someone who is
annoyed by a rude encounter for hours after it occurred. He may be unaware of his irritability(易怒)and
surprised when someone calls attention to it. But if he evaluates his feelings, he can change them. Emotional self-awareness is the building block of the next fundamental of emotional intelligence: being able to shake
off a bad mood.
2.Mood Management. Bad as well as good moods spice life and build character. The key is
balance.
We often have little control over when we are swept by emotion. But we can have some say in how
long that emotion will last. Psychologist Dianne Tice asked more than 400 men and women about their
strategies for escaping foul moods. Her research, along with that of other psychologists, provides valuable
information on how to change a bad mood.
Of all the moods that people want to escape, rage seems to be the hardest to deal with. When
someone in another car cuts you off on a highway, your instant response may be, That jerk! He could
have hit me! I can let him get away with that! The more you stew, the angrier you get. Such is the
stuff of hypertension and reckless driving.
What should you do to relieve rage? One myth is that ventilating will make you feel better. In fact,
researchers have found that"s one of the worst strategies. A more effective technique is "reframing", which means consciously seeing a situation in a more positive light. In the case of the driver who cuts you off, you might tell yourself: Maybe he had some emergency. This is one of the most potent ways, Tice found, to put anger to rest.
Going off alone to cool down is also an effective way to refuse anger, especially if you can"t think
clearly. Tice found that a large proportion of men cool down by going for a drive----- a finding that
inspired her to drive more defensively. A safer alternative is exercise, such as taking a long walk. Whatever you do, don"t waste the time pursuing your train of angry thoughts. You aim should be to distract yourself.
The techniques of reframing and distraction can alleviate depression and anxiety as well as anger. Add to
them such relaxation techniques as deep breathing and meditation(冥想) and you have powerful weapons against bad moods.
1. According to the author, the importance of knowing one"s gut feelings is that __________.
A. one can develop them.
B. one can call other"s attention to them.
C. one may get rid of them.
D. one may control them.
2. The word "spice" in paragraph five is closest in meaning to _________.
A. add interest to
B. lengthen
C. make dull
D. bring into existence
3. On mood control, the author seems to suggest that we _________ .
A. can control our mood
B. are often unaware of what mood we are in.
C. can determine how long our mood could last
D. lack strategies for controlling moods
4. "Reframing" is essentially about __________.
A. forgetting the unpleasant situation
B. adopting a positive attitude
C. protecting oneself properly
D. avoiding road accidents
5. What is the best title for the passage?
A. What is emotional intelligence?
B. How to develop emotional intelligence
C. Strategies for getting rid of foul moods
D. How to control one"s gut feelings
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