One of my China Dialogue colleagues in Beijing recently bought a Philips energy-
题型：不详难度：来源：
One of my China Dialogue colleagues in Beijing recently bought a Philips energy-saving light bulb to replace a standard one．He was happy with his choice．It may have cost 30 yuan （just under US$4．50） - ten times the price of a filament （灯丝） bulb - but he wanted to save energy as part of his low-carbon lifestyle．And according to the shopkeeper, he would save, in the long run, much more than the 30 yuan he was spending．
Yet only one month later, his expensive light bulb blew up, before he had saved even a small part of the purchase price．Will he stick to his high-cost, low-carbon lifestyle?
China"s environmental organizations have started to advocate low-carbon lifestyles and the decrease of carbon footprints to help fight against climate change．But they have overlooked one fact: in China, low-carbon living comes at a high cost．It means buying energy-saving bulbs and appliances, and environmentally friendly building materials and daily goods．Cost can no longer be the only standard for purchases．An energy-saving and environmentally friendly product is more expensive than a standard alternative - whether it"s a simple light bulb or the house it shines．For average consumers, even buying an ordinary bulb is a huge burden．How can we persuade ordinary people to choose an energy-saving residence? This is not a trend they can afford to follow; perhaps this fashion is only for the rich．
Most consumers today do not cause huge carbon dioxide （CO2） emissions．Their responsibility lies not in choosing a low-carbon lifestyle today, but in avoiding a high-carbon life in the future．The principle of "common but differentiated responsibility" - a basis of sustainable development - can be applied here as well．
In China, low-carbon living still is resisted by a lack of social infrastructure（基础设施）. Even if your salary allows you to make that choice, nobody is there to help you accomplish it．
Consider energy-saving homes. You need to find out whether or not the developer has used natural materials wherever possible; how effective the insulation（绝缘物、隔热物） is; and what the green credentials of installed equipment are．You can read up a little, but you"ll still be lucky to avoid being puzzled by the developers" marketing．Many so-called energy-saving buildings are nothing of the sort, and some are even more energy-hungry than the average home - as Li Taige warned in his article "Energy-efficient buildings? Not always", on China Dialogue last August．
小题1: What may probably be the best title of this passage?| A．To purchase a cheap bulb - your wise alternative． | | B．To choose an energy-saving residence - a must of your life | | C．To learn a low-carbon lifestyle - each citizen"s responsibility | | D．To learn a low-carbon lifestyle - a promising but difficult purpose |
小题2:Why does the writer say this fashion is only for the rich in the fourth paragraph?| A．Because the cost is a very important standard for purchases. | | B．Because buying an ordinary bulb is very expensive. | | C．Because energy-saving products are more expensive than the common alternatives. | | D．Because rich people like to follow this trend. |
小题3: What does the writer think of energy-saving homes?| A．Most of them are environmentally friendly. | | B．They are musts of low-carbon lifestyle of Chinese. | | C．They are huge burdens for Chinese people. | | D．Many of them are more in name than in reality. |
小题4:We can infer from the passage that ____．| A．Using energy-saving bulbs and appliances is a fashion． | | B．It"s easy for most Chinese to try to learn a low-carbon lifestyle． | | C．All citizens in China don’t have the same responsibility in living a low-carbon lifestyle． | | D．Most Chinese families cannot afford to purchase an energy-saving residence. |
小题5:What is the writer"s attitude towards the low-carbon lifestyle?| A．informative and entertaining | B．supportive but cautious | | C．negative but wise | D．positive and active |
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答案
小题1:D
小题2:C
小题3:D
小题4:C
小题5:B |
解析
试题分析：文章通过介绍作者朋友买节能灯泡的事，分析了在中国大范围推广低碳生活的局限性和不可行性，除此之外，他还给了读者在选择低碳住宅时的一些建议。
小题1:标题选择题。根据文章大意，低碳生活虽然十分有益，但在我国现在的背景下实施起来十分困难，所以选D
小题2:细节题。根据同一段中的An energy-saving and environmentally friendly product is more expensive than a standard alternative，可知低碳设备比普通设备更贵，所以选C
小题3:细节题。根据最后一段Many so-called energy-saving buildings are nothing of the sort, and some are even more energy-hungry than the average home，可知作者认为低碳住宅许多都是名不副实，所以选D
小题4:主旨大意题。根据作者在文中所表达的主题和common but differentiated responsibility，可知国人依据不同的经济状况，责任也有所不同，所以选C
小题5:作者态度题。根据文章大意和作者的语气可知对于低碳生活的态度是支持的，但他也有所保留，所以选B。 |
举一反三
Cast your mind back to the past twenty years and hardly did anyone have their own email account. The Internet had just taken off in 1991 and people were only using office and PCbased email exchanges.
In the mid 1990s external email providers appeared. The most famous of these was Hotmail, the first free email provider and webbased email service. Sabeer Bhatia and Jack Smith launched Hotmail on July 4, 1996. And Microsoft took note of and bought Hotmail for $400 million on December 30, 1997, a nice birthday present for Bhatia who turned 29 that day. It was relaunched as MSN Hotmail and in 2007 was relaunched again as Windows Live Hotmail.
Fast forward the present day and most of us have at least a personal webbased email account. It seems impossible to live without them. One of the biggest advantages of email is the fact that communication has become so much easier, especially with those across different time zones. Email takes seconds to send a message whereas letters, as we used to communicate by, could take weeks. Of course there was the fax, that beeping invention from the 1980s, but it wasn’t as secure as email and you never knew if the person on the other end had picked up your fax or if it had got lost somewhere in the office.
In conclusion, one of the best inventions from the 1990s has to be email. But sometimes people are too closely connected to their email and have a compulsion to check it several times a day. At work, people have become lazy and instead of going to speak to the person sitting next to them, they send an email，causing an in box to pile up with more time spent reading email and responding rather than working. Clearly, an invention that saved time because of its quick and speedy connection can now also cause us to waste a lot of time.
小题1:The earliest web-based email came into being probably _______.| A．in 1991 | B．in 1996 | C．in 1997 | D．in 2007 |
小题2:The author mentions “fax” in the third paragraph in order to tell us that _______.| A．it is exactly as good as email | | B．it is much better than email | | C．it is less convenient than email | | D．it is easier and faster than email |
小题3:The underlined word “compulsion” in Paragraph 4 probably means “_______”.| A．strong desire | B．common sense | C．special curiosity | D．general idea |
小题4:Which is the main idea of the last paragraph?| A．We should check email boxes frequently. | | B．Lazy people like sending an email. | | C．Email brings us great convenience. | | D．Good inventions also cause problems. |
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I am a psychologist. I first met Timothy, a quiet, overweight eleven-year-old boy, when his mother brought him to me to discuss his declining grades. A few minutes with Timothy were enough to confirm that his self-esteem(自尊) and general happiness were falling right along with them. I asked about Timothy’s typical day. He awoke every morning at six thirty so he could reach his school by eight and arrived home around four thirty each afternoon. He then had a quick snack, followed by either a piano lesson or a lesson with his math tutor. He finished dinner at 7 pm, and then he sat down to do homework for two to three hours. Quickly doing the math in my head, I found that Timothy spent an average of thirteen hours a day at a writing desk.
What if Timothy spent thirteen hours a day at a sewing machine instead of a desk? We would immediately be shocked, because that would be called children being horribly mistreated. Timothy was far from being mistreated, but the mountain of homework he faced daily resulted in a similar consequence —he was being robbed of his childhood. In fact, Timothy had no time to do anything he truly enjoyed, such as playing video games, watching movies, or playing board games with his friends.
Play, however, is a crucial part of healthy child development. It affects children’s creativity, their social skills, and even their brain development. The absence of play, physical exercise, and freefrom social interaction takes a serious toll on many children. It can also cause significant health problems like childhood obesity, sleep problems and depression.
Experts in the field recommend the minutes children spend on their homework should be no more than ten times the number of their grade level. As a fifthgrader, Timothy should have no more than fifty minutes a day of homework (instead of three times that amount). Having an extra two hours an evening to play, relax, or see a friend would soundly benefit any child’s life quality.
小题1:What does the underlined word “them” in the first paragraph probably refer to?| A．Timothy’s parents. | B．Timothy’s grades. | | C．Psychologists. | D．The students. |
小题2:What did the writer think of Timothy after learning about his typical day?| A．Timothy was very hardworking. | | B．Timothy was being mistreated. | | C．Timothy had a heavy burden. | | D．Timothy was enjoying his childhood. |
小题3:Which of the following statements best describes the writer’s opinion?| A．Children should be allowed enough time to play. | | B．Playing board games works better than playing video games. | | C．The more they play, the more creative children will become. | | D．The depression caused by homework makes children unwilling to play. |
小题4:According to the passage, how long should a thirdgrader spend a day doing homework?| A．About ten minutes. | | B．No more than twenty minutes. | | C．No more than thirty minutes. | | D．About fifty minutes. |
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International students studying in the UK
The UK has a long history of welcoming international students to study in its universities and colleges. In the UK last year there were over 104,000 international students. Choosing which university or college to go to was like a life-changing decision. Do as much research as possible so that you choose the right course for the right reason.
How to apply for higher education
All applications for higher education courses are made using our online application system, which is available 24 hours a day. You fill in the application form online and it does not need to be completed all at once. Please see the When to Apply page to check the dates by which we should receive your completed application.
Choosing a higher education course to study
Try to do a lot of research when deciding which courses to apply for. You will probably want to find out even more before you accept an offer of a place on a course. When you accept an offer of a place, make sure that all of your questions have been answered. Ask teachers if there is anything to prepare before the course starts. They may suggest that you look at certain books on the course reading list or that you improve your computer skills.
Other help and advice
Unistats is a website that can help you to research subjects and universities before deciding where to apply. You can compare subjects, compare universities and explore useful information about getting a job after graduation. Unistats has statistical (统计的) information on universities, colleges, subjects and teaching style.
Yougo is a student-only networking site where you can meet other applicants online and talk about what you hope to study and the university you hope to attend.
If you have any questions, please call us at 0044-330-333-0230.
小题1:One who wants to get into a university in the UK________.| A．must have a good reason to study abroad | | B．can make an application on the Internet | | C．should create more learning programs | | D．will be asked to send a plan to a teacher |
小题2:We can learn from the passage that it is a wise idea to ________.| A．learn basic computer skills in the UK when possible | | B．get to know as many teachers as possible in the UK | | C．do much research before choosing a college major | | D．borrow certain books before going abroad to study. |
小题3:Unistats is a website that works to help students ________.| A．select the best university and subject | | B．meet other teenage students online | | C．study further after finishing a course | | D．compare colleges at home and abroad |
小题4:What’s the author’s purpose in writing this passage?| A．To give information about higher education in the UK. | | B．To describe the types of universities across the UK. | | C．To introduce the UK education system to students. | | D．To attract international students to study in the UK. |
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Sigmund Freud was one of the first scientists to make serious research of the mind. The mind is the collection of activities based in the brain that involve how we act, think, feel and reason.
He used long talks with patients and the study of dreams to search for the causes of mental and emotional problems. He also tried hypnosis(催眠术). He wanted to see whether putting patients into a sleep-like condition would help ease troubled minds. In most cases he found the effects only temporary.
Freud worked hard, although what he did might sound easy. His method involved sitting with his patients and listening to them talk. He had them talk about whatever they were thinking. All ideas, thoughts and anything that entered their mind had to be expressed. There could be no holding back because of fear or guilt.
Freud believed that all the painful memories of childhood lay buried in the unconscious self. This part of the mind he said contains wishes, desires and experiences too frightening to recognize.
He thought that if these memories could somehow be brought into the conscious mind, the patient would again feel the pain. But this time, the person would experience them as an adult. The patient would feel them, be able to examine them and, if successful, finally understand them.
Using this way, Freud reasoned, the pain and emotional pressure of the past would be greatly weakened. They would lose their hold over the person"s physical health. Soon the patient would get better.
Many of Freud"s theories about how the mind works also had strong sexual connections. These included what he saw as the repressed feelings of sons toward their mothers and daughters toward their fathers.
If nothing else, Freud"s ideas were revolutionary. Some people rejected them. Many others came to accept them. But no one disputes his great influence on the science of mental health.
小题1:How many methods did Sigmund Freud use to study the mind?| A．One. | B．Two. | C．Three. | D．Four. |
小题2:Sigmund Freud’s research was difficult because ______.| A．he had to work hard and have patients talk freely | | B．he had to live with people who had troubled minds | | C．he had to listen to unhappy stories of different people | | D．he had to give his patients a sense of security |
小题3:Sigmund Freud held the idea that the painful memories of childhood ______.| A．could be forgotten forever | | B．could have a life-long influence | | C．could become wises and desires | | D．could be understood unconsciously |
小题4:If an adult parent feels the memories of childhood painful, the patient would probably ______.| A．have physical and mental problems | | B．be greatly influenced by them | | C．have a better understanding of life | | D．have a healthier and happier life |
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Over 60﹪of pupils in South African schools choose English for learning and teaching, but only 7﹪of pupils speak English as their home language, a recent South Africa survey shows.
Out of the country’s 12.2 million pupils only 851,536 speak English at home, yet 7.6 million pupils choose English as their favorite language of learning and teaching. Zulu is the most widely spoken home language, spoken by over 3.1 million pupils. However, less than a third of them choose to be taught in Zulu. The same thing is true of Pedi-speaking pupils, only a third of such pupils choosing to be taught in their home language. Besides English,
Afrikaans is the only language that has more pupils choosing it as their language of instruction than it has pupils who speak it at home. In primary schools, most pupils will choose African languages. As early as grade four, many would choose English or Afrikaans in their lessons.
The rising number of English-learning pupils is mainly caused by social and cultural reasons. English is the most common spoken language in official and public life in South Africa, the survey reports. In April 2011, the leaders of higher education and training said that they would take some steps to improve the university teaching and prevent the continuing decline of African languages. They suggested that in future every South African university student could be required to learn at least one African language in order to complete their studies at school.
小题1: We can learn from the passage that most South African pupils__________.| A．speak English both at home and at school | | B．are required to learn two languages at school | | C．choose English as their primary school language | | D．are expected to speak their native language at home. |
小题2: It can be inferred from the passage that__________________.| A．Afrikaans is the most popular home language in South Africa | | B．it’s easier for South African pupils to learn Afrikaans at school. | | C．the number of South African pupils learning Afrikaans has increased | | D．many South African pupils use Afrikaans at school instead of at home. |
小题3: The underlined word “decline” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to “_________”.| A．going downhill | | B．spreading widely | | C．growing upwards | | D．developing further |
小题4: What is the survey in the passage mainly about?| A．The use of native languages in South African families. | | B．The language choice and use among South African pupils. | | C．The progress in South Africa’s language teaching education | | D．The spread of English at schools in South Africa. |
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