Language-learners who say they never or hardly ever use dictionaries often speak
题型：不详难度：来源：
Language-learners who say they never or hardly ever use dictionaries often speak English well but usually write poorly, because they make many mistakes.
The students who use dictionaries most do not learn especially well either. The ones who look up every new word do not read fast. So they do not have time to read much. Those who use small two-language dictionaries have the worst problems. Their dictionaries often give only one or two words as translations (翻译) of English. But one English word often has many translations in a foreign language and one foreign word has many translations in English.
The most successful students are those who use large college edition dictionaries with about 100,000 words but do not use them too often. When they are reading, these students first try to get the general idea and understand new words from the context. Then they reread and use the dictionary to look up only key words that they still do not understand. They use dictionaries more for writing. If they are not sure how to spell a word, or divide it into syllables (音节), they always use a dictionary. Also, if they think a noun might have an unusual plural form, they check these in a dictionary.
小题1:Students who never use dictionary speak well but write poor, because_______| A．They can’t remember words. | | B．They may make mistakes. | | C．They are not interested in writing. | | D．They are afraid of writing. |
小题2:According to the passage, which of the following is right?| A．Students who never use dictionary can speak well and write well. | | B．Whatever new words you meet while reading, just look them up in the dictionary. | | C．Small two-language dictionaries are bad for learning English. | | D．An English word only has one translation. |
小题3:When does the writer advise students to use a good dictionary in reading?| A．At the beginning of the reading | | B．At the end of the reading | | C．During the first reading | | D．After the first reading |
小题4:This passage mainly tells us .| A．that students shouldn’t use small two-language dictionaries | | B．what were the defects (缺点) of small two-language dictionaries | | C．why students should use large college edition dictionaries | | D．what dictionary students should choose and how to use it |
小题5:Which is not mentioned in this passage?| A．How to make good use of a dictionary. | | B．When to use a dictionary. | | C．How to improve spoken English. | | D．How to practice reading fast. |
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答案
小题1:B
小题2:C
小题3:D
小题4:D
小题5:C |
解析
小题1:细节理解题。结合第一段内容可知答案
小题2:推理判断题。结合Those who use small two-language dictionaries have the worst problems可知答案。
小题3:细节理解题。结合these students first try to get the general idea and understand new words from the context. Then they reread and use the dictionary to look up only key words that they still do not understand可知作者建议在第一次阅读结束后使用字典。
小题4:主旨大意题。从整篇文章来看作者主要是告诉我们选择什么样的字典以及如何和合理运用。
小题5:细节理解题。文章没有提到如何提高英语口语，而是主要说如何利用字典，什么时候该用，什么时候不该用。 |
举一反三
Learning a Second Language
Some people learn a second language easily. Others have trouble learning a new language. How can you help yourself learn a new language, such as English? There are several ways to make learning English a little easier and more interesting.
The first step is to feel positive about learning English. If you believe that you can learn, you will learn. Be patient. You do not have to understand everything all at once. It is natural to make mistakes when you learn something new. We can learn from our mistakes. In other words, do not worry about taking risks.
The second step is to practice your English. For example, write a diary every day. You will get used to writing it in English, and you will feel comfortable expressing your ideas in English. Several weeks later, you will see that your writing is improving. In addition, you must speak English every day. You can practice with your classmates outside class. You will all make mistakes, but gradually you will become comfortable communicating in English.
The third step is to keep a record of your language learning. You can write this in your journal. After each class, think about what you did. Did you answer a question correctly? Did you understand something the teacher explained? Perhaps the lesson was difficult, but you tried to understand it.
You must be positive about learning English and believe that you can do it. It is important to practice every day and make a record of your achievements. You will enjoy learning English, and you will feel more confident in yourself.
小题1:To feel positive about learning English means _______.| A．if you are patient, you will learn | | B．you can understand everything all at once | | C．if you make mistakes, you can learn from your mistakes | | D．if you believe you can learn, you will learn |
小题2:When you learn English, you do not need to ______.| A．be patient | B．make mistakes | | C．express your ideas in English | D．understand everything all at once |
小题3:What is not helpful for you to enjoy learning English?| A．To communicate in English. | | B．To worry about taking risks. | | C．To think about what has been done after each class. | | D．To make a record of the achievements. |
小题4:What is the main idea of this passage?| A．It is very important to learn a second language. | | B．Some people learn a second language easily while other people do not. | | C．There are ways to help you learn a second language more easily. | | D．Don’t worry about taking risks when learning a second language. |
小题5:What does the underlined word “journal” in the 4th paragraphmean?| A．Diary | B．Composition | C．Poem | D．Newspaper |
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An earthquake happens when two plates rub (碰撞) together. The earth plates travel in different directions and at different speeds. If one plate is slowly forced underneath the other, pressure builds up until the plates break apart. This process causes the ground to move. It is an earthquake. In other words, earth-quakes are the shaking of the earth’s surface caused by the earth’s rocky outer layer as a result of the energy stored within the earth. The strain within the rocks is suddenly released (释放).
The damage an earthquake causes depends on where it is and the time it is happening. If an unpopulated region is struck, there will be low loss of life or property. If it hits a large city, there may be many in-juries and much destruction. Many of the areas at risk are largely populated now. Major earthquakes hitting those areas today could produce terrible damage.
Actually, there are several million small earth-quakes every year. Large earthquakes such as the 1964 Alaskan quake that measured 9.2 on the Richter scale, cause millions of dollars in damage. In the last 500 years, millions of people have been killed by earth-quakes around the world — including 240,000 in the 1976 Tangshan earthquake in China.
A 60-second or less earthquake can cause devastation that continues for years after the first tremor (小震). In 1972, a series of severe earthquakes struck Managua, Nicaragua. Fifteen years later, the city still looked the way it had a week after the earthquake hit, because the country did not have the necessary money to rebuild it.
The shaking of the earth is sometimes not the greatest disaster. It is in the ensuing fires and floods that often the greatest damage occurs. In the 1906 earthquake, it was the fires caused after it that did the majority of the damage. An earthquake can also destroy dams high above a city or valleys, causing floods to sweep down and sweep away everything in their path.
小题1:Which of the following is the main idea of the first paragraph?| A．An earthquake comes from inside the earth. | | B．The earth has great energy in storage. | | C．How the earth plates move. | | D．How an earthquake happens. |
小题2:How many examples are used in the passage to show the damage and destruction earthquakes cause?| A．Three. | B．Four. | C．Five. | D．Six. |
小题3:Which of the following is mentioned to show that an earthquake can kill too many people?| A．The 1964 Alaskan quake. | | B．The 1976 Tangshan earthquake. | | C．The 1972 Managua earthquake. | | D．The 1906 earthquake. |
小题4:The underlined word “ensuing” in the last paragraph probably means ______.| A．causing too much heat and great damage | | B．causing many injuries and much destruction | | C．happening as a result of another event | | D．happening suddenly and unexpectedly |
小题5:By giving the example in Paragraph 4, the author wants to show that ______.| A．an earthquake doesn’t last long | | B．the damage can last long | | C．people in Managua suffered too much | | D．Nicaragua is still a poor country |
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The space shuttle Discovery has had a long and busy career. For 27 years, it has worked for NASA, carrying astronauts to space and back on 39 missions. On March 9, 2011, after returning from its final voyage, the world’s most traveled spaceship was retired.
A crowd of shuttle workers, reporters and schoolchildren waited to greet Discovery at Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral, Florida. Three minutes before noon, they watched as the shuttle appeared in the sky and made one last touchdown. “For the final time: wheels stop,” Discovery’s commander Steven Lindsey said when the shuttle rolled to a stop.
Discovery’s final trip was to the International Space Station (ISS), a giant space lab in the sky. Discovery’s crew took care of the last U.S. construction project at ISS. They delivered 10 tons of supplies for the ISS. The six-person crew also dropped off an unusual companion for ISS’s researchers: a human-like robot named Robonaut 2. Astronauts will assemble（组装）R2 at the ISS over several months.
Now, NASA is winding down its shuttle programme. NASA is to begin work on new spaceships that can travel longer distances. Discovery’s retirement is the first of three. Endeavor, another shuttle, is scheduled to make its final voyage soon. And Atlantis’s last trip is planned for the end of June.
Museums across the country have requested the retired shuttles. The Smithsonian’s Air and Space Museum, in Washington, D.C., was the lucky recipient（接收者）of Discovery. The museum’s collection contains hundreds of NASA artifacts.
Where will the other shuttles go? You’ll have to wait to find out. NASA will announce its decision on April 12, the 30th anniversary of the first space shuttle launching. Stay tuned!
小题1:As part of the final mission, Discovery’s crew___________.| A．carried researches to space | | B．assembled the Robonaut 2 at the ISS | | C．brought supplies to the ISS | | D．went on a spacewalk |
小题2:The underlined phrase “winding down” in Paragraph 4 probably means _________.| A．improving | B．ending | C．changing | D．testing |
小题3:What can we infer from the text?| A．Discovery completed 39 missions during its two decades of space travel. | | B．The ISS is a big project and six researchers live on the station. | | C．American space exploration will focus on longer missions. | | D．The shuttles Endeavor and Atlantis will make their last missions next month. |
小题4:According to the text, we can learn about ___________.| A．people’s opinions of Discovery’s retirement | | B．the government’s concern about the shuttles’ future | | C．the shuttles’ final homes after retirement | | D．museums’ great interest in the retired shuttles |
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Water, which covers about 74 percent of the earth’s surface, is man’s most precious resource. Without it we cannot live. Clean water keeps us alive; polluted water means disease and death.Keeping our water pure is by no means an easy task but it is something that must be done.
Hong Kong once prided herself on being the “Fragrant Harbour”. However, these days, it is not certain if Hong Kong’s harbour could still be called “fragrant”. For, like many other places, Hong Kong has not been spared water pollution. A visit to Tolo and Victoria Harbour, or any of the beaches in Hong Kong is enough to make one aware of the ugly truth that Hong Kong waters are indeed polluted.
The great threat to our water is bacteria pollution. Another great source of water pollution is poisonous chemicals. These substances, which are found in industrial waste and agricultural pesticides, make up unseen dangers that enter biological food chains.
Pollution control is a continuing problem for the government. It is believed that the most effective form of control is legislation（立法）. Most importantly, the present laws on pollution should be given more force. On the other hand, no amount of legislation can effectively control pollution unless those concerned are properly educated about the danger posed by pollution.
While a great majority of Hong Kong citizens and residents seem to be greatly concerned about ways to control water pollution, it is discouraging to note that there are, in our midst, some people who remain apathetic（无动于衷）about the problem. In a recent radio programme conducted on what people in the streets thought about the water pollution problem, one apparently unconcerned person said, “What do I care about water pollution? I don’t drink polluted water. As long as the water I drink is not polluted, I’m not bothered. Water pollution is too big a problem and let’s leave it to the government.”
If all residents in Hong Kong will take such an indifferent attitude, all the government’s attempts to control pollution, let alone the anti-pollution legislation, will prove useless. The best form of pollution control each citizen can employ is to be aware of his surroundings. We hope that someday, the problem of water pollution in Hong Kong will cease to alarm us.
小题1:By the underlined sentences, the writer wants to show that ______.| A．we should not use polluted water | | B．it is our responsibility to keep our water clean and safe | | C．clean water is vitally important to the survival of human beings | | D．water is abundant but very expensive |
小题2:What can you infer from the second paragraph?| A．Hong Kong indeed deserves the name. | | B．Hong Kong never deserves such a name. | | C．Hong Kong can’t avoid the damage of pollution. | | D．Hong Kong has failed to live up to such reputation. |
小题3:The writer quotes the words in the programme to show us that a block to the solution of the problem is _________.| A．people’s lack of education | | B．people’s I-don’t-care attitude | | C．people’s wait-and-see attitude | | D．people’s over-dependence on the government |
小题4:In the final analysis, the best approach to the problem of water pollution is ________.| A．legislation | | B．rapid development of modern science | | C．mass education | | D．everybody taking care of his own surroundings |
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Everyone knows about straight-A students. We see them frequently in TV situation comedies and in movies like Revenge(报复)of the Nerds. They get high grades, all right, but only by becoming dull laborers, their noses always stuck in a book. They are not good at social communication and look clumsy while doing sports.
How, then, do we account for Domenica Roman or Paul Melendres?
Roman is on the tennis team at Fairmont Senior High School. She also sings in the choral group, serves on the student council and is a member of the mathematics society. For two years she has maintained A’s in every subject. Melendres, a freshman at the University of New Mexico, was student-body president at Valley High School in Albuquerque. He played soccer and basketball well, exhibited at the science fair, and meanwhile worked as a reporter on a local television station. Being a speech giver at the graduation ceremony, he achieved straight A’s in his regular classes, plus bonus points for A’s in two college-level courses.
How do super-achievers like Roman and Melendres do it? Brains aren’t the only answer. “Top grades don’t always go to the brightest students, ” declares Herbert Walberg, a professor of education at the University of Illinois at Chicago, who has conducted major studies on super-achieving students. “Knowing how to make the most of your innate(天生的)abilities counts for more. Much more.”
In fact, Walberg says, students with high IQ sometimes don’t do as well as classmates with lower IQ. For them, learning comes too easily and they never find out how to get down.
Hard work isn’t the whole story, either. “It’s not how long you sit there with the books open, ” said one of the many-A students we interviewed. “It’s what you do while you’re sitting.” Indeed, some of these students actually put in fewer hours of homework time than their lower-scoring classmates.
The kids at the top of the class get there by mastering a few basic techniques that others can readily learn.
小题1:The underlined word “nerds” can probably be________ .| A．dull bookworms lacking sports and social skills | | B．successful top students popular with their peers | | C．students with certain learning difficulties | | D．born leaders crazy about social activities |
小题2:What can we conclude from the first paragraph?| A．Most TV programs and films are about straight-A students. | | B．People have unfavorable impression on straight-A students. | | C．Everyone knows about straight-A students from TV or films. | | D．Straight-A students are well admired by people in the society. |
小题3:Some students become super-achievers mainly because_________ .| A．they are born cleverer than others | | B．they work longer hours at study | | C．they make full use of their abilities | | D．they know the shortcut to success |
小题4:What will be talked about after the last paragraph?| A．The interviews with more students. | | B．The role IQ plays in learning well. | | C．The techniques to be better learners. | | D．The achievements top students make. |
小题5:What can we infer from the passage? | A．IQ is more important than hard work in study. | | B．The brightest students can never get low grades. | | C．Top students certainly achieve all-around developments. | | D．Students with average IQ can become super-achievers. |
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