阅读理解。 Art museums are places where people can learn about various cultures (
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| 阅读理解。 |
Art museums are places where people can learn about various cultures (文化). The increasingly popular
" design museums" that are opening today, however, perform quite a different role. Unlike most art
museums, the design museum shows objects that are easily found by the general public. These museums
sometimes even place things like fridges and washing machines in the center of the hall.
People have argued that design museums are often made use of as advertisements for new industrial
technology. But their role is not simply a matter of sales-it is the honoring of excellently invented products.
The difference between the window of a department store and the showcase in a design museum is that the
first tries to sell you something, while the second tells you the success of a sale.
One advantage of design museums is that they are places where people feel familiar with the exhibits.
Unlike the average art museum visitors, design museum visitors seldom feel frightened or puzzled (困惑).
This is partly because design museums clearly show how and why mass- produced products work and look
as they do, and how design has improved the quality of our lives. Art museum exhibits, on the other hand,
would most probably fill visitors with a feeling that there is something beyond their understanding.
In recent years, several new design museums have opened their doors. Each of these museums has tried
to satisfy the public"s growing interest in the field with new ideas. London"s Design Museum, for example,
shows a collection of mass-produced objects from Zippo lighters to electric typewriters to a group of Italian
fish-tins. The choices open to design museums seem far less strict than those to art museums, and visitors
may also sense the humorous (幽默的)part of our society while walking around such exhibits as interesting
and unusually attractive toys collected in our everyday life. |
| 1. Showcases in design museums are different from store windows because they _____. |
A. show more technologically advanced products
B. help increase the sales of products
C. show why the products have sold well
D. attract more people than store windows do |
| 2. The author believes that most design museum visitors _____. |
A. do not admire mass-produced products
B. are puzzled with technological exhibits
C. dislike exhibits in art museums
D. know the exhibits very well |
| 3. The choices open to design museums _____. |
A. are not as strict as those to art museums
B. are not aimed to interest the public
C. may fail to bring some pleasure to visitors
D. often contain precious exhibits |
| 4. The best title for this passage is _____. |
A. The forms of design museums
B. The exhibits of design museums
C. The nature of design museums
D. The choices open to design museums |
答案
| 1-4: CDAC |
举一反三
| 阅读理解。 |
A study published in September suggests there is a surprising way to get people to avoid unhealthy foods;
change their memories. Scientist Elizabeth Loftus of the University of California at Irvine asked volunteers to
answer some questions on their personalities (个性) and food experiences. "One week later," Loftus says, "we
told those people we"d fed their answers into our smart computer and it came up with an account of their early
childhood experiences." Some accounts included one key additional detail (细节):"You got sick after eating
strawberry ice-cream." The researchers then changed this detail into a manufactured (人为促生的) memory
through leading questions－Who were you with? How did you feel? By the end of the study up to 41% of those
given a false memory believed strawberry ice-cream once made them sick, and many said they"d avoid eating it.
When Loftus published her findings, she started getting calls from people begging her to make them
remember hating chocolate or French fries. Unfortunately, it"s not that easy. False memories appear to work
only for foods you don"t eat on a regular basis. But most important, it is likely that false memories can be
implanted (灌输) only in people who are unaware of the mental control. And lying to a patient is immoral, even
if a doctor believes it"s for the patient"s benefit.
Loftus says there"s nothing to stop parents from trying it with their overweight children. "I say, wake up－
parents have been lying about Father Christmas for years, and nobody seems to mind. If they can prevent
diseases caused by fatness and all the other problems that come with that, you might think that"s a more moral
lie. Decide that for yourself." |
| 1. Why did Loftus ask the volunteers to answer some questions? |
A. To improve her computer program.
B. To find out their attitudes towards food.
C. To find out details she can make use of.
D. To predict what food they"ll like in the future. |
| 2. What did Loftus find out from her research? |
A. People believe what the computer tells them.
B. People can be led to believe in something false.
C. People tend to forget their childhood experiences.
D. People are not always aware of their personalities. |
| 3. According to the study, people may stop having a certain food if they ______. |
A. learn it is harmful for health
B. lie to themselves that they don"t want it
C. are willing to let doctors control their minds
D. think they once had a bad experience of eating it |
| 4. What is the biggest concern with the method? |
A. Whether it is moral.
B. Who it is best for.
C. When it is effective.
D. How it should be used. |
| Reading comprehension. |
We are all interested in equality, but while some people try to protect the school and examination system
in the name of equality, other, still in the name of equality, want only to destroy it.
Any society which is interested in equality of opportunity and standards of achievement must regularly
test its pupils. The standards may be changed-no examination is perfect-but to have to tests or examinations
would mean the end of equality and of standards. There are groups of people who oppose this view and who
do not believe either in examinations or in any controls in schools or on teachers. This would mean that
everything would depend on luck since every pupil would depend on the efficiency, the values and the purpose
of each teacher.
Without examinations, employers will look for employees from the highly respected schools and from
families known to them-a form of favouritism will replace equality. At the moment, the bright child from an
ill-respected school can show certificates to prove he or she is suitable for a job, while the lack of certificate
indicates the unsuitability of a dull child attending a well-respected school. This defence of excellence and
opportunity would disappear if examinations were taken away, and the bright child from a poor family would
be a prisoner of his or her school"s reputation, unable to compete for employment with the child from the
favoured school.
The opponents of the examination system suggest that examinations are an evil force because they show
differences between pupils. According to these people, there must be no special, different, academic class.
They have even suggested that there should be no form of difference in sport or any other area: all jobs or
posts should be filled by unsystematic selection. The selection would be made by people who themselves are
probably selected by some computer. |
| 1. The word "favouritism" in paragraph 3 is used to describe the phenomenon that _____. |
A. bright children also need certificates go get satisfying jobs
B. children from well-respected schools tend to have good jobs
C. poor children with certificates are favoured in job markets
D. children attending ordinary schools achieve great success |
| 2. What would happen if examinations were taken away according to the author? |
A. Schools for bright children would lose their reputation.
B. There would be more opportunities and excellence.
C. Children from poor families would be able to change their schools.
D. Children"s job opportunity would be affected by their school reputation. |
| 3. The opponents of the examination system will agree that _____. |
A. jobs should not be assigned by systematic selection
B. computers should be selected to take over many jobs
C. special classed are necessary to keep the school standards
D. schools with academic subjects should be done away with |
| 4. The passage mainly focuses on _____. |
A. schools and certificates
B. examination and equality
C. opportunity and employment
D. standards and reputation |
| 阅读理解。 |
Betty and Harold have been married for years. But one thing still puzzles (困扰) old Harold. How is it
that he can leave Betty and her friend Joan sitting on the sofa, talking, go out to a ballgame,come back
three and a half hours later, and they"re still sitting on the sofa? Talking?
What in the world, Harold wonders, do they have to talk about?
Betty shrugs.Talk? We"re friends.
Researching this matter called friendship, psychologist Lillian Rubin spent two years interviewing
more than two hundred women and men.No matter what their age, their job, their sex, the results were
completely clear:women have more friendships than men,and the difference in the content and the quality
of those friendships is "marked and unmistakable."
More than two-thirds of the single men Rubin interviewed could not name a best friend. Those who
could were likely to name a woman.Yet three-quarters of the single women had no problem naming a best
friend,and almost always it was a woman.More married men than woean named their wife/husband as a
best friend,most trusted person, or the one they would turn to in time of emotional distress (感情危机).
"Most women,"says Rubin," identified (认定) at least one,usually more,trusted friends to whom they could
turn in a troubled moment,and they spoke openly about the importance of these relationships in their lives."
"In general," writes Rubin in her new book, "women"s friendships with each other rest on shared
emotions and support, but men"s relationships are marked by shared activities." For the most part,Rubin
says, interactions (交往) between men are emotionally controlled-a good fit with the social requirements
of "manly behavior."
"Even when a man is said to be a best friend," Rubin writes, "the two share little about their innermost
feelings. Whereas a woman"s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage,
it wasn"t unusual to hear a man say he didn"t know his friend"s marriage was in serious trouble until he
appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa." |
| 1. What old Harold cannot understand or explain is the fact that _____. |
A. he is treated as an outsider rather than a husband
B. women have so much to share
C. women show little interest in ballgames
D. he finds his wife difficult to talk to |
| 2. Rubin"s study shows that for emotional support a married woman is more likely to turn to _____. |
A. a male friend
B. a female friend
C. her parents
D. her husband |
| 3. According to the text,which type of behavior is NOT expected of a man by society? |
A. Ending his marriage without good reason.
B. Spending too much time with his friends.
C. Complaining about his marriage trouble.
D. Going out to ballgames too often. |
| 4. Which of the following statements is best supported by the last paragraph? |
A. Men keep their innermost feelings to themselves.
B. Women are more serious than men about marriage.
C. Men often take sudden action to end their marriage.
D. Women depend on others in making decisions. |
| 5. The research done by psychologist Rubin centers around _____. |
A. happy and successful marriages.
B. friendships of men and women
C. emotional problems in marriage.
D. interactions between men and women. |
| Reading comprehension. |
Many experts complain that media too often take advantage of the science fiction aspects of nanotech (纳
米技术). Reports of nanotech often refer to K. Eric Drexler"s book Engines of Creations, which predicts an
age full of dominant molecular (分子的) manufacturing and a world without material scarcity. Whatever
humans need will one day be built cheaply with microscopic self-replicating machines (微细自我复制机) that
put atoms together to create copies of anything alive in the world-from trees to human bodies.
In fact, the scientific community is deeply divided over whether self-replication machines are possible. If
they are, major dangers could exist. Mr. Drexler himself thought that self-replicating machines could probably
go out of control. He writes in his book that man-made "plants" with "leaves no more efficient than today"s solar
cells could win over real plants,crowding the earth with leaves that are not suitable to be eaten. Tough "bacteria"
could be more competitive than the real bacteria: They could spread everywhere, replicate swiftly, and reduce
the earth to dust in a matter of days."
Critics of nanotech have made use of such images, calling for a delay on commercial nanotech until
regulations are established. They also point to the possible military uses of nanotech. Bill Joy, the co-founder of
Sun Microsystems, wrote in a Wired magazine essay in 2000 that if nanotech falls into the wrong hands, it could
bring dangers to society.
Opponents say Mr. Joy is overreacting. "In a way, calling for bans on research into molecular manufacturing
is like calling for a delay on faster-than-light travel because no one is doing it," says Glenn Reynolds, a University
of Tennessee law professor.
Professor Reynolds says it is a good idea to regulate nanotech, but in ways the government would regulate
any products that could be dangerous. Export controls and certification systems for nanotech companies are
examples. US lawmakers have put forth four bills on nanotech research and development. |
| 1. K. Eric Drexler in his book predicts a future world with sufficient material, because _____. |
A. man-made plants could replace real plants and grow more quickly
B. plants produced by nanotech would be as efficient as today"s solar cells
C. man-made bacteria would be widespread and capable of self-replicating
D. humans could create copies of anything alive with high technology |
| 2. To call for a delay on commercial nanotech, critics of nanotech make use of _____. |
A. current social problems
B. science fiction descriptions
C. disagreements in the scientific community
D. the fact that no one is doing molecular manufacturing |
| 3. Opponents of Bill Joy would NOT agree to _____. |
A. control nanotech export
B. ban nanotech research to avoid any possible dangers
C. put forth bills on nanotech research and development
D. establish a certification system for annotech companies |
| 4. Which of the following statements best summarizes the main idea of the passage? |
A. Nanotech should not be put into wrong use in the military field.
B. The government should regulate products that could be dangerous.
C. Nanotech regulations should be established in spite of the divided opinions.
D. The media should not take advantage of the science fiction aspects of nanotech. |
| 阅读理解。 |
One of the greatest killers in the Western world in heart disease. The death rate (率) from the disease
has been increasing at an alarming speed for the past thirty years. Today in Britain, for example, about
four hundred people a day die of heart disease. Mdical experts know that people can reduce their chances
of getting heart disease by exercising regularly, by not smoking, by changing their diets, and by paying
more attention to reducing stress (压力) in their work.
However, Western health-care systems are still not paying enough attention to the prevention of the
disease. There is a need for more programs to educate the public about the causes and prevention of heart
disease. Instead of supporting such programs,however, the U.S. health-care system is spending large sums
of money on the surgical (外科的) treatment of the disease after it develops. This emphasis (强调) on
treatment clearly has something to do with the technological advances that have taken place in the past ten
to fifteen years. In this time,modern technology has enabled doctors to develop new surgical techniques.
Many operations that were considered impossible or too risky (有风险的) a few years ago are now
performed every day in U.S.hospitals. The result had been a huge increase in heart surgery.
Although there is no doubt that heart surgery can help a large number of people, some people point out
that the emphasis on the surgical treatment of the disease has three clear disadvantages. First, it attracts
interest and money away from the question of prevention.Second, it causes the costs of general hospital
care to rise. After hospitals buy the expensive equipment that is necessary for modern heart surgery, they
must try to recover the money they have spent. To do this, they raise costs for all their patients, not just
those patients whose treatment requires the equipment. The third disadvantage is that doctors are
encouraged to perform surgery-even on patients for whom an operation is unnecessary-because the
equipment and expert skills are there. A government office recently stated that major heart surgery was
often performed even though its chances of success were low. In one type of heart surgery, for example,
only 15 percent of patients improved their conditions after the surgery. However,more than 100,000 of these
operations are performed in the United States every year. |
|
| 1. What effect has modern technology had on medicine? |
A. It has reduced the costs of medical treatment.
B. It has helped save the lives of most patients
C. It has encouraged doctors to do more heart surgeries
D. It has helped educate people about the prevention of heart disease |
| 2. "To do this" (in Paragraph 3)means _____. |
A. to help patients recover
B. to increase the number of heart surgeries
C. to get back the money spent on the equipment
D. to buy new equipment for the treatment to heart disease |
| 3. The author would agree that _____. |
A. more money should be spent on the prevention of heart disease
B. heart surgery has helped most patients improve their conditions
C. modern technology has made heart surgery more risky than before
D. the public have known a great deal about the causes of heart disease |
| 4. What would be the best title for the passage? |
A. The Greatest Killer in the West
B. Heart Disease: Treat or Prevent
C. Modern Technology and Heart Surgery
D. Heart Surgery:Advantages and Disadvantages |
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