阅读理解。 Dogs wag (摇摆) their tails in different directions depending on whether
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阅读理解。 |
Dogs wag (摇摆) their tails in different directions depending on whether they are excited and wanting to move forward or threatened and thinking of moving back, a study has found. Researchers in Italy examined the tail wagging behavior of 30 dogs, catching their responses to a range of stimuli (刺激物) with video cameras. To conduct the study they chose 15 male dogs and 15 female ones aged between one and six years. The dogs were all family pets whose owners had allowed them to take part in the experiment at Bari University. The dogs were placed in a large wooden box with an opening at the front to allow for them to view various stimuli. They were tested one at a time. The researchers led by Professor Giorgio Vallortigara of the University of Trieste found that when the dogs were shown their owners-a positive experience-their tails wagged energetically to the right side. When they were shown an unfamiliar human they wagged to the right, but with somewhat less enthusiasm. The appears of a cat again caused a right-hand side wag, although with less intensity again. The appearance of a large unfamiliar dog, similar to a German shepherd, changed the direction of tail wagging to the left. Research ers supposed the dog was thinking of moving back. When the dogs were not shown any stimuli they tended to wag their tails to the left, suggesting they preferred company. While the changes in the tail wagging were not easily noticed without the aid of video, it was thought that the findings could help people judge the mood (心情) of dogs. Computer and video systems, for example, could be used by professional dog trainers to determine the mood of dogs that they were required to approach. |
1. The video cameras were used to catch the dogs" responses because _____. |
A. it was easier to catch the dogs"response changes in the tail wagging B. the dogs were put in the wooden boxes and tested one at a time. C. they enabled the dogs"owners to know about their dogs"habit D. the dogs wagged their tails in different directions when they were in different moods |
2. The underlined word "intensity" in the passage means _____. |
A. surprise B. worry C. excitement D. interest |
3. When there are no stimuli, a dog will _____. |
A. wag to the left B. wag to the right C. not wag at all D. wag to the left and then to the right |
4. The underlined word "they" refers to _____. |
A. the dogs B. the trainers C. the systems D. the researchers |
5. The purpose of doing the experiment is _____. |
A. to train dogs for their owners B. to help people judge the mood of dogs C. to help dogs find company D. to help people choose their pet dogs |
答案
1-5: ACABD |
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阅读理解。 |
Most rain forests lie close to the equator (赤道), where the climate is often mild and there are long hours of sunshine. The warmth of the land heats the air above, causing it to rise and tiny drops of water to fall as rain. The rainfall can reach at least 98 inches a year. This wet, warm world with plenty of sunlight is perfect for plants to grow, so the trees grow fast with green leaves all the year round. The trees themselves also hare an effect on the climate. They gather water from the soil and pass it out into the air through their leaves. The wet air then forms clouds, which hang over the treetops like smoke. These clouds protect the forest from the daytime heat and night-time cold of nearby deserts, keep temperatures fit for plant growth. Rain forests slightly farther away from the equator remain just as warm, but they have a dry season of three months or more when little rain falls, Tree leaves fall dining this dry season and new leaves grow when the wet season or monsoon (雨季) begins Thus these areas are known as the "monsoon forest". Another type of rain forest grows on tropical mountains. It is often called the "cloud forest" because clouds often hang over the trees like fog. The rain forest is the ideal place for the growth of many different trees. Most of them depend on animals to eat their fruits and spread their seeds. When the fruits are eaten, the seeds inside them go undamaged through animals, stomachs and are passed out in their droppings. The seeds lying on the forest floor then grow into new trees. |
1. The climate of the rain forests near the equator is _____. |
A. mild, wet and windy B. hot, rainy and foggy C. hot, wet and cloudy D. warm, wet and sunny |
2. We can learn from the passage that _____. |
A. tree leaves are green all the time in the monsoon forest B. there is a dry season in the cloud forest on tropical mountains C. clouds help the plants in the rain forest near the deserts to grow D. the formation of climate in the rain forest has little to do with the trees |
3. According to the passage _____ play the most important role in the spreading of seeds. |
A. animals B. droppings C. fruits D. winds |
4. This passage is most likely to be found in _____. |
A. a travel guide B. a story book C. a technical report D. a geography book |
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As a professor at a large American university, there is a phrase that I hear often from students: "I"m only a 1050." The unlucky students are speaking of the score on the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT), which is used to determine whether they will be admitted to the college or university of their choice, or even have a chance to get a higher education at all. The SAT score, whether it is 800, 1 100 or 1550, has becomes the focus at this time of their life. It is obvious that if students value highly their test scores, then a great amount of their self-respect is put in the number. Students who perform poorly on the exam are left feeling that it is all over. The low test score, they think, will make it impossible for them to get into a good college. And without a degree from a prestigious university, they fear that many of life"s doors will remain forever closed. According to a study done in the 1990s, the SAT is only a reliable indicator of a student"s future performance in most cases. Interestingly, it becomes much more accurate when it is set together with other indication--like a student"s high school grades. Even if standard tests like the SAT could show a student"s academic proficiency (学业水平),they will never be able to test things like confidence, efforts and willpower, and are unable to give us the full picture of a student"s potentialities (潜力). This is not to suggest that we should stop using SAT scores in our college admission process. The SAT is an excellent test in many ways, and the score is still a useful means of testing students. However, it should be only one of many methods used. |
1.The purpose of the SAT is to test students" _____. |
A. strong will B. academic ability C. full potentialities D. confidence in school work |
2. Students" self-respect is influenced by their _____. |
A. scores in the SAT B. achievements in mathematic C. job opportunities D. money spent on education |
3. "A prestigious university"is most probably _____. |
A. a famous university B. a technical university C. a traditional university D. an expensive university |
4. This passage is mainly about _____. |
A. how to prepare for the SAT B. stress caused by the SAT C. American higher education D. the SAT and its effects |
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Brian Walker chews pens. He bites them so hard that his boss has warned him to stop or buy his own. Kate"s weakness is more acceptable-she is unable to walk past a cake shop without overeating Sophin Cartier finds her cigarette habit a headache, while Alice"s thumb-sucking drives her boy friend crazy. Four people with very different habits, but they all share a common problem anxiety disorder or, in serious cases. Obessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD). From nail-biting to too much hand-washing, overeating and internet addiction (上瘾),OCD is widespread in almost every workplace and countless home."It is a relatively common form of anxiety," says Dr. Mootee. "The main feature of OCD is the repetition of unwanted obsessive (过度的) thoughts such as worries that doors are left unlocked, gas or electrical appliances are left on." In order to fight against the an essay checking door locks and gas or electrical appliances. Dr. Mootee says that repetitive washing, particularly of the hands, is the most common type of OCD. She has treated many patients who wash their hands up to 30 times a day. The technique Mootee uses to treat people with OCD is called cognitive-behavioral therapy (认知行为疗法). "It is based on the general idea that people have the ability to change the way they think and behave," says Mootee. But when does a habit become a problem? "It"s personal," says Mootee. "Everyone has something unusual, but if you can"t put up with it, then it"s a problem and you need to do something to change it." Mootee says many people ready for treatment because they fear they are "crazy". But as people become more knowledgeable about these problems they will go and get help. The only way to cure is to conquer. |
1. If a person suffers from OCD, he is likely to keep doing any of the following EXCEPT _____. |
A. chewing pens B. hurting himself C. sucking fingers D. biting nails |
2. According to the passage, a person suffering from OCD _____. |
A. reduces his/her anxiety by taking drugs B. gets into unwanted habits to relieve stress C. has unwanted thoughts about habits D. has unwanted thoughts because of illness |
3. Dr. Mootee"s treating technique is based on the idea that _____. |
A. everyone has something different B. people can put up with their problems C. people can change their way of thinking and action D. people tend to repeat their obsessive actions |
4. By saying "The only way to cure is to conquer." Dr. Mootee suggests that an OCD sufferer _____. |
A. has to be an extraordinary person B. must cure his illness by himself C. must overcome many physical illnesses D. should have a right attitude towards the problem |
阅读理解。 |
The literal meaning of philosophy is "love of wisdom". But this meaning does not tell us very much. Unlike the other disciplines (学科), philosophy cannot e defined by what you study,because it si actually unlimited. Anything can be the subject matter of philosophy: are, history, law, language, literature, mathematics, and in fact, the other academic disciplines are directly related to philosophy. For this reason you get a Doctorate (博士学位) of Philosophy (Ph. D.) in biochemistry, or computer science, or psychology. Two broad sub-fields of philosophy are logic and the history of philosophy. Logic is the science of argument and critical thinking. It provides sound methods for distinguishing good from bad reasoning. The history of philosophy involves the study of major philosophers and period in the development of philosophy. Of what use is philosophy? First it is useful in educational advancement. It is necessary for understanding other disciplines. Only philosophy question the nature of the concepts used in a discipline, and its relation to other disco[;ones. And through the study of philosophy, one develops sound methods of research and analysis that can be applied to any field. There are a number of general uses of philosophy. It strengthens one"s ability to solve problem, to communicate, to organize ideas and issues, to persuade, and to take what is the most important form a large quantity of data. These general uses are of great benefit in the career filed, not necessarily for obtaining one"s first job after graduation,but for preparing for positions of responsibility, management and leadership later on. It is very short sighted after all, to take a course of studies only for the purpose of getting one"s first job. The useful skills developed thought the study of philosophy have significant long-term benefits in career advancement. No other discipline systematically follows the ideals of wisdom, leadership, and capacity to resolve human conflict. |
1. Accprdomg to Paragraph 1. philosophy can best be described as the study of _____. |
A. social sciences B. natural sciences C. both social and natural sciences D. the subject matter of politics |
2. With the study of philosophy, you can _____. |
A. become a great leader B. succeed in everything C. find a good job soon after graduation D. make progress in your career development |
3. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE? |
A. Philosophy is an independent discipline. B. Logic helps you to become a better thinker. C. The study of philosophy brings you immediate benefits. D. The meaning of philosophy is too limited to define. |
4. From the passage, we can conclude _____. |
A. not all the subjects have to do with philosophy B. a person will get a Ph. D. if he/she studies philosophy C. philosophy can be helpful for the study of any other subjects D. philosophy is the only solution to all the problems in the world |
阅读理解。 |
Today about 70 countries use Daylight Saving Time (DST). Daylight Saving was first introduced during World War I in Australia. During the world wars, DST was used for the late summers beginning January 1917 and 1942, and the full summers beginning September 1942 and 1943. In 1967, Tasmania experienced a drought (干旱). The State Government introduced one hour of daylight saving that summer as a way of saving power and water. Tasmanians liked the idea of daylight saving and the Tasmanian Government has declared daylight saving each summer since 1968. Persuaded by the Tasmanian Government, all states except two passed a law in 1971, for a test use of daylight saving. In 1972, New South Wales, South Australia and Victoria joined Tasmania for regular daylight saving, but Queensland did not do so until 1989. Tasmania, Queensland and South Australia have had irregular plans, often changing their dates due to politics or festivals (节日). For example, in 1992, Tasmania extended (延长) daylight saving by an extra month while South Australia began extending daylight saving by two weeks for the Adelaide Festival. Special daylight saving plans were made during the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games. The differences in daylight saving in Australia continue to cause serious problems in transport and many other social activities. It also reduces the number of hours in the working day that are common to all centers in the country. In particular, time differences along the east coast cause major differences, especially for the broadcasters of national radio and television. |
1. Daylight Saving Time was introduced in Tasmania _____. |
A. to stop the drought in 1967 B. to support government officials C. to pass a special law in the state D. to save water and electricity |
2. According to the text, which state was the last to use DST? |
A. Victoria. B. Queensland. C. South Australia. D. New South Wales. |
3. What can we learn about DST in some Australian states? |
A. It doesn"t have fixed dates. B. It is not used in festivals. C. Its plan was changed in 2000. D. It lasts for two weeks. |
4. What do we know about the use of DST from the last paragraph? |
A. There exist some undesirable effects. B. It helps little to save energy. C. It brings about longer working days. D. Radio and TV programs become different. |
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