第三部分 阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。AFifty years from
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第三部分 阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
Fifty years from now the world’s population will be declining, with no end in sight. Unless people’s values change greatly, several centuries from now there could be fewer people living in the entire world than live in the United States today. The big surprise of the past twenty years is that in not one country did fertility (生育能力) stop falling when it reached the replacement rate（出生率）—2.1 children per woman. In Italy, for example, the rate has fallen to 1.2. In Western Europe as a whole and in Japan it is down to 1.5. The evidence now indicates that within fifty years or so world population will peak at about eight billion before starting a fairly rapid decline.
Because in the past two centuries world population has increased from one billion to nearly six billion, many people still fear that it will keep “exploding” until there are too many people for the earth to support. But that is like fearing that your baby will grow to 1,000 pounds because its weight doubles three times in its first seven years. World population was growing by two percent a year in the 1960s; the rate is now down to one percent a year, and if the patterns of the past century don’t change completely, it will head into negative numbers. This view is coming to be widely accepted among population experts, even as the public continues to focus on the threat of uncontrolled population growth.
As long ago as September of 1974 Scientific American published a special issue on population that described what demographers (人口统计学家) had begun calling the “demographic transition” from traditional high rates of birth and death to the low ones of modern society. The experts believed that birth and death rates would be more or less equal in the future, as they had been in the past, keeping total population stable after a level of 10-12 billion people was reached during the transition.
56. Which of the following statement is NOT true according to the passage?
A. The world’s population in the future will be reducing endlessly.
B. When the earth population reaches 8 billion, it will see a rapid decrease.
C. In modern society the birth and death rates will be more or less equal in the future.
D. The public now pay little attention to the threat of uncontrolled population growth.
57. What’s reason for the sharp increase of world population in the past two centuries?
A. B
ecause people fear that the world will explode. B. Because the world’s replacement rate keeps falling.
C. Because people’s values has greatly changed.
D. The passage doesn"t mention it.
58. The expression “demographic transition” (Paragraph 3) probably means _______.
A. high death rate to the low one
B. high birth rate to the low one
C. high rates of birth and death to the low ones
D. low rates of birth and death to the high ones
59. We can learn from the passage that _______.
A. in the near future there will be a rapid decline of the world population
B. the birth and death rates of modern society will be unequal in the future
C. there would be the same population living in the world than it in the US today
D. in Western Europe the replacement rate has declined to a negative number
答案
56---59 DDCA
解析
举一反三
第二节：完形填空（共20小题，每小题1分，满分20分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A.B.C.D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
On August 26, 1999, New York City experienced a torrential downpour. The rain caused the streets to 31 and the subway system almost came to a stop.
Unfortunately, this happened during the morning rush hour. Many people who were going to work were forced to go home. Some battled to 32 a taxi or to get on a bus. Still others faced the 33 bravely, walking miles to get to work.
I 34 to be one of the people on the way to work that morning. I went from subway line to subway line, only 35 that most service had stopped. After making my way 36 crowds of people, I finally found a subway line that was 37 . Unfortunately, there were so many people waiting to board the subway 38 I could not even get down the stairs to the platform（站台）. So I 39 the train going in the opposite direction, and then switch back to the downtown train. Finally, after 40 seemed like an forever, the train reached my stop. Then I had to walk several blocks in the increasingly heavy rain. When I finally got to my office, I was 41 through, exhausted and 42 .
My co-workers and I spent most of the day 43 off. When it was 5:00 pm，I was ready to go home. I was about to turn off my computer 44 I received an email from Garth, my Director:
I would like to thank all of you who made the effort and 45 reported to work. It is always reassuring(令人欣慰), at times like these, when employees so clearly show their 46 to their jobs. Thank you.
Garth’s email was short, but I learned more from that 47 message than I ever did from a textbook. The email taught me that a few words of appreciation can make a big 48 . The rainstorm and the traffic 49 had made me tired and upset. But Garth’s words immediately__50__ me and put a smile back on my face.
31. A. break B. flood C. sink D. crash
32. A. order B. pay C. call D. search
33. A. climate B. scenery C. storm D. burden
34. A. used B. promised C. deserved D. happened
35. A. finding B. found C. to find D. find
36. A. to B. through C. over D. for
37. A. operating B. cycling C. turning D. rushing
38. A. then B. to C. that D. than
39. A. catch B. took C. had D. jumped
40. A. it B. that C. what D. which
41. A. wet B. weak C. sick D. hurt
42. A. ashamed B. discouraged C. surprised D. puzzled
43.A. dry B. to dry C. dried D. drying
44. A. while B. when C. where D. after
45. A. hardly B. casually C. absolutely D. eventually
46. A. devotion B. donation C. connection D. reaction
47. A. accurate B. adequate C. brief D. humorous
48. A. sense B. difference C. promise D. choice
49. A. troubles B. signals C. rules D. signs
50. A. corrected B. supported C. amazed D. Refreshed
B
This is a dangerous world we live in. The number of murders goes up every year, people are dying of cancer, more people contract HIV, more teens are using drugs, etc. You know this because you have heard all the statistics on the news and in the paper. But do you really have an accurate idea what they mean? The numbers are growing up, but how do they compare to the growth in population? Are more cases of these diseases being reported because of better testing techniques, or are the diseases more common? The fact is that without knowing the background statistics mean very little.
This growing trend of reporting only part of the information is becoming dangerous. For example, several years ago a high school student reported the dangers of the chemical known as dihydrogen monoxide. This chemical, found in most cancerous tumors(肿瘤), is often found in the blood of people drunk on alcohol, and causes complete physical and mental dependence for those who take the chemical even once. After reading his report, more than 75% of his Advanced Placement Chemistry class voted to forbid this dangerous chemical! Every one of the above statements is true, yet this chemical is necessary to all life on earth. The students made the mistake be
cause they voted knowing only a few statements and statistics, rather than the chemical’s full background.The point of this article is that one should be aware of what is and is not being said. When one finds a new fact or number, one should try to consider other important information before forming an opinion with only half-truths. Always remember that the author is trying to convince you of his or her own view, and will leave out information that is different to his view. For example, look again at the statistics that suggest skiing is safe. Only 32 people may die each year when skiing, while 897 die from lightning strikes, but which is really the most dangerous? If you think about it, you realize far fewer people go skiing each year than the number of people who are in danger of a lightning strike. When you think about it, skiing is more dangerous than you might at first think when looking at statistics. If we teenagers are to be left in this world, we had better be able to think critically, and form our own views, rather than be easily persuaded by another’s. To be warned is to be prepared.
59. In the first paragraph, what problem does the writer want to warn us?
A. We are now living in a dangerous world.
B. We get a lot of false statistics from the media.
C. Statistics alone without full background doesn’t give us an accurate pictures of things.
D. There are around us more and more murders, diseases, etc.
60. Why does the writer use the example in the second paragraph?
A. To argue that high school students are easily persuaded.
B. To show the danger of reporting only part of the information.
C. To prove what is necessary to us might be dangerous.
D. To warn us of the harmful substance around us.
61. Relative information is often left out because__________.
A. Relative information is not that important.
B. too much information will make readers feel confused.
C. the author is trying to show what he or she says is true.
D. readers are not able to analyze so much information at once.
62. What can we learn from the passage?
A. We should learn to think critically and look at problems from all sides.
B. Some measures must be taken to protect our dangerous world.
C. The growing trend of reporting only half-truths is getting out of control.
D. Teenagers ought to improve their ability of telling right from wrong.
D
Many Chinese have been greatly shocked by the traffic accident caused by the drunk driver Sun Weiming, who has killed five and injured some others in Chengdu, Sichuan. However, such a case is not rare.
Today, the traffic accidents may have been regarded as a social problem. The car has killed and disabled more people in its brief history than any bomb or weapon ever invented. Much of the blood on the street flows actually from rude behavior of drivers who refuse to respect the legal and moral (道德的) rights of others. In fact, the enemies of society on wheels are rather harmless but just ordinary people acting carelessly, you might say. But it is a principle both of law and common morality that carelessness is no excuse when one"s actions could bring death or damage to others. A minority of the killers go even far beyond carelessness that can be imagined.
Researchers have estimated that as many as 80 percent of all automobile accidents can be attributed to the psychological condition of the driver. Emotional upsets can change drivers’ reactions incorrectly, slow their judgment, and make them blind to the dangers that might otherwise be evident. The experts warn that it is vital for every driver to make a conscious effort to keep his/her emotions under control.
Yet the .irresponsibility; that accounts for much of the problem isn"t only put upon drivers. Street walkers regularly ignore or break traffic regulations. They are blamed in most vehicle walker accidents, and many cyclists even believe that they are not subject to the basic rules of the road.
Significant legal advances have been made towards safer driving in the past few years. Safety standards for vehicles have been raised both at the point of manufacture and through regular road inspections. In addition, speed limits have been lowered. Due to these measures, the accident rate has decreased. But the accident experts still worry because there has been little or no improvement in the way drivers behave. The only real and lasting solution, say the experts, is to make people believe that driving is a skilled task requiring constant care and concentration. Those who fail to do all these things present a threat to those with whom they share the road.
67. Traffic accidents may be regarded as a social problem because
A. auto driving has become dangerous and harmful in today"s society
B. people usually pay no attention to law and morality when driving
C. they have caused serious psychological problems among drivers
D. the car has killed and disabled more people than any weapon in history
68. Who are NOT mentioned as being responsible for the road accidents?
A. Careless bicycle--riders. B. Careless people walking in the street.
C. Irresponsible auto drivers. D. Irresponsible auto manufacturers.
69. Discussing solutions to traffic accidents, the author seems to be
A. doubtful and hopeless B. angry and disappointed
C. objective and concerned D. anxious and annoyed
70. The author writes this passage to
A. show his worries about drunk driving
B. help protect street walkers from car accidents
C. discuss traffic problems and possible solutions
D. warn auto drivers to refuse drunk driving
C
Wearing ties was originally the mark of Britain’s most powerful classes, which made the tie itself a symbol of power and respect. And that led it to be adopted by a much larger tribe－the business tribe.
You cannot wear a tie if you work with machinery. So wearing a tie became a sign that you were a man who used your brain to make a living, rather than your hands. It showed you were serious. It showed you were a professional. It meant that everyone who wanted a job in business had to wear one. It was just impossible to take seriously a man who didn’t wear a piece of colored silk around his neck.
This is how millions of people came to be wearing ties across the world. They are part of the uniform of business.
“Ties offer a point of indifference,” says John Milne, head of the British Guide of Tie Makers, “They give a chance to say something about their own personality.”
So if you happen to meet a man with a very brightly colored tie, there is a good chance that he is the office joker. There is also a good chance that he will be wearing brightly colored socks.
Is there a future for ties? The signs are not promising. Tie wearing seems to be rare among the new bread of entrepreneurs(创业者) in the Internet and new technology industries. Many political leaders, including former British Prime Minister Tony Blair, now go without ties. This shows they are men of the people－but not the people wearing ties.
Up until around 1960, it was common for men across the western world to wear hats as part of their business uniform. That changed with the election of John F. Kennedy to the presidency of the United States. Kennedy never wore a hat－in fact his nickname was “hatless Jack”. Seeing that the most powerful man in the world did not have to wear a hat, millions of other men decided that they did not have to, either. Hats simply vanished across the Western world. Perhaps “tieless Tony” (former UK Prime Minister Tony Blair) will have the same effect as “hatless Jack”.
66．In Britain, ties were first used as a sign to show a person’s __________.
A．personality B．social position C．wearing style D．favorite hobby
67．In the business world, wearing a tie was necessary because _________.
A．it showed you used your brain B．it showed you got a good salary
C．it showed you were an employer D．it showed you were well-equipped
68．The underlined word “vanished” in this passage may mean _________.
A．sold B．washed C．appeared D．disappeared
69．The writer may hold the opinion that _____________.
A．Blair is the best leader in the world
B．Kennedy is the best leader in the world
C．millions of people will go to work without a tie
D．people will wear hats instead of ties
70．Which of the following statements is TURE according to the passage?
A．If you are a professional, you can’t wear a tie in Britain
B．The tie will become more fashionable and popular in the future
C．It was the election of John F．Kennedy to the presidency of the United States that changed the fact that wearing hats as part of their business uniform
D．Men across the western world didn’t wear hats as part of their business uniform until around 1960
三、完形填空（共30分）
In this modern world, we rush around all day, doing things, talking, sending and reading message. We are always on, always connected, always thinking, always talking. There is no 36 for stillness.
And when we are 37 to be still because we’re in line for something, or waiting at a doctor’s appointment, or on a bus or train, we often 38 something to do. Some will play with mobile devices, others will read something. Being still isn’t something we’re 39 .
This comes at a 40 : we lose that time for 41 , for observing and listening. We lose peace.
And 42 yet: sometimes too much action is worse than no action at all. You can run around crazily, but get 43 done.
Take a moment to think about 44 you spend your days. Are you constantly rushing around? Are you constantly reading and answering 45 checking on the news and the latest stream of information? Are you always 46 through your schedule?
Is this how you want to spend your 47 ? If so, peace be with you. If not, take a moment to be 48 . Don’t think about what you have to do, or what you’ve done already. 49 be in the moment.
Then after a minute or two of doing that, consider your life, and how you’d
50 it to be. See your life with less movement, less doing, less rushing. See it with more stillness, more consideration, more 51 .
Then be that vision.
It’s pretty simple: all you have to do is sit still for a little bit each day. 52 you’ve gotten used to that, try doing less each day. Breathe when you feel yourself moving too 53 . slow down. Be present. Find happiness now, in this moment, instead of 54 for it.
55 the stillness. It’s a treasure, and it’s available to us, always.
36. A .place B. chance C. freedom D. time
37. A. forced B. ordered C . invited D. told
38. A. have B. find C. buy D. get
39. A. familiar with B. curios about C. used to D. interested in
40. A. cost B. risk C. loss D. danger
41.A. play B. food C. sleep D. consideration
42. A. further B. worse C. farther D. deeper
43. A. everything B. anything C. nothing D. something
44. A. how B. where C. why D. whether
45. A. questions B. problems C. phones D. messages
46. A. walking B. rushing C. stepping D. going
47. A. school B. youth C. work D. life
48. A. silent B. patient C. still D. quiet
49. A. Nearly B. Ever C. Just D. Already
50. A. like B. decide C. choose D. need
51. A. activity B. research C. study D. peace
52. A. Because B. Until C. Once D. Unless
53. A. frequently B. slowly C. fast D. quickly
54. A. asking B. sending C. calling D. waiting
55. A. Value B. Miss C. Owe D. Hold
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