A few years ago, Paul Gerner began to gather a group of architects in Las Vegas
题型：不详难度：来源：
A few years ago, Paul Gerner began to gather a group of architects in Las Vegas to ask them what it would take to design a public school that used 50 percent less energy, cost much less to build and obviously improved student learning. “I think half of them fell off their chairs,” Gerner says.
Gerner manages school facilities （设施） for Clark County, Nevada, a district roughly the size of Massachusetts. By 2018, 143,000 additional students will enter the already crowded public-education system. Gerner needs 73 new schools to house them. Four architecture teams have nearly finished designing primary school prototypes （样品）; they plan to construct their schools starting in 2009. The district will then assess how well the schools perform, and three winners will copy those designs in 50 to 70 new buildings.
Green schools are appearing all over, but in Clark County, which stands out for its vastness, such aggressive targets are difficult because design requirements like more natural light for students go against the realities of a desert climate. “One of the biggest challenges is getting the right site orientation （朝向）,”Mark McGinty, a director at SH Architecture, says. His firm recently completed a high school in Las Vegas. “You have the same building, same set of windows, but if its orientation is incorrect and it faces the sun, it will be really expensive to cool.”
Surprisingly, the man responsible for one of the most progressive green-design competitions has doubts about ideas of eco-friendly buildings. “I don’t believe in the new green religion,” Gerner says. “Some of the building technologies that you get are impractical. I’m interested in those that work.” But he wouldn’t mind if some green features inspire students. He says he hopes to set up green energy systems that allow them to learn about the process of harvesting wind and solar power. “You never know what’s going to start the interest of a child to study math and science,” he says.
小题1:How did the architects react to Gerner’s design requirements? | A．They lost balance in excitement. | B．They showed strong disbelief. | | C．They expressed little interest. | D．They burst into cheers. |
小题2:Which order of steps is followed in carrying out the project? | A．Assessment — Prototype — Design — Construction. | | B．Assessment — Design — Prototype — Construction. | | C．Design — Assessment — Prototype — Construction. | | D．Design — Prototype — Assessment — Construction. |
小题3:What makes it difficult to build green schools in Clark County? | A．The large size. | B．Limited facilities. | | C．The desert climate. | D．Poor natural resources. |
小题4:What does Gerner think of the ideas of green schools? | A．They are questionable. | B．They are out of date. | | C．They are advanced. | D．They are practical. |
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答案
小题1:B
小题2:D
小题3:C
小题4:A |
解析
小题1:推理判断题。根据第1段I think half of them fell off their chairs可知建筑师们对Gerner的要求感到不可思议，不可相信。应选择B。A“他们激动得失去了平衡”，C“他们几乎不感兴趣”，D“他们突然大哭”都不符合本意。
小题2:文章结构理解。根据第2段的描述，工程的实施应按照“设计—提供样品—评估—建设”的程序。其它程序都不符合标准的建筑要求。
小题3:细节理解题。根据第3段…such aggressive targets are difficult because design requirements like more natural light for students go against the realities of a desert climate可知建筑绿色校园的难题是沙漠气候。而并非巨大的面积、有限的设施或贫瘠的自然资源。
小题4:细节推理题。根据最后1段“I don’t believe in the new green religion,”“Some of the building technologies that you get are impractical…”可知Gerner对上面提到的计划感到怀疑，应选择A。 |
举一反三
Sunday is more like Monday than it used to be. Places of business that used to keep daytime “business hours” are now open late into the night. And on the Internet, the hour of the day and the day of the week have become irrelevant （不相关的）. A half century ago in the United States, most people experienced strong and precise dividing lines between days of rest and days of work, school time and summer time. Today the boundaries still exist, but they seem not clear.
The law in almost all states used to require stores to close on Sunday; in most, it no longer does. It used to keep the schools open in all seasons except summer; in most, it still does. And whether the work week should strengthen its legal limits, or whether it should become more “flexible,” is often debated. How should we, as a society, organize our time? Should we go even further in relaxing the boundaries of time until we live in a world in which every minute is much like every other?
These are not easy questions even to ask. Part of the difficulty is that we rarely recognize the “law of time” even when we meet it face to face. We know as children that we have to attend school a certain number of hours, a certain number of days, a certain number of years—but unless we meet the truant officer （学监）, we may well think that we should go to school due to social custom and parents’ demand rather than to the law. As adults we are familiar with “extra pay for overtime working,” but less familiar with the fact that what constitutes （构成）“overtime” is a matter of legal definition. When we turn the clock forward to start daylight-saving time, have we ever thought to ourselves: “Here is the law in action”? As we shall see, there is a lot of law that has great influence on how we organize and use time: compulsory education law, overtime law, and daylight-saving law — as well as law about Sunday closing, holidays, being late to work, time zones, and so on. Once we begin to look for it, we will have no trouble finding a law of time to examine and assess.
小题1:By saying “Sunday is more like Monday than it used to be”, the writer means that_____ . | A．work time is equal to rest time | | B．many people have a day off on Monday | | C．it is hard for people to decide when to rest | | D．the line between work time and rest time is unclear |
小题2:The author raises the questions in Paragraph 2 to introduce the fact that people | A．fail to make full use of their time | B．enjoy working overtime for extra pay | | C．are unaware of the law of time | D．welcome flexible working hours |
小题3:According to the passage, most children tend to believe that they go to school because they ______. | A．need to acquire knowledge | B．have to obey their parents | | C．need to find companions | D．have to observe the law |
小题4:What is the main idea of the passage? | A．Our life is governed by the law of time. | | B．How to organize time is not worth debating. | | C．New ways of using time change our society. | | D．Our time schedule is decided by social customs. |
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People often fall ill because of me. 36 , they can hardly blame me; it is largely their own 37 .A tired person may get 38 , especially when he goes to crowded places with polluted air. A sudden change in 39 is another factor. In hot summer, people turn on the air-conditioner upon returning home. They will catch a cold easily.
My latest victim is an energetic student. After school, he played football hard for two hours. Though 40 , he still went to the cinema .Then he got back home and took a cold shower immediately.
I seized this golden chance to 41 him .He reacted ,trying to 42 me , but I was already 43 deep in his throat. He kept sneezing（打喷嚏） and his nose was running. 44 he put on some warm clothes, it didn’t work, for there were too many of us. Besides, his sore throat kept 45 him, and he developed a cough to force me and my family out, but 46 .
The next day he couldn’t go to 47 . He had lost his appetite and was not as 48 as before. His mother made him orange juice every few hours for more vitamin C, which would help his 49
For two days he was 50 by his mother. As he rested more, his defense strengthened and I began to feel the 51 . I knew I had to 52 him before long. But I am not the one who gives up easily, and I made every effort to fight back. 53 , it was my turn to feel 54 now, for his defense system was starting an all-out attack against me. I became 55 and finally my time was over.
Do you know what I am?
| 小题1: | | A．Therefore | B．Besides | C．However | D．Then |
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| 小题2: | | A．business | B．responsibility | C．excuse | D．fault |
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| 小题3: | | A．punished | B．blamed | C．caught | D．killed |
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| 小题4: | | A．temperature | B．season | C．place | D．condition |
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| 小题5: | | A．excited | B．hurt | C．late | D．tired |
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| 小题6: | | A．injure | B．bother | C．attack | D．destroy |
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| 小题7: | | A．get on with | B．get rid of | C．put up with | D．take hold of |
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| 小题8: | | A．reproducing | B．waiting | C．hiding | D．disappearing |
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| 小题9: | | A．Since | B．Once | C．Whether | D．Although |
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| 小题10: | | A．reminding | B．upsetting | C．comforting | D．influencing |
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| 小题11: | | A．escaped | B．succeeded | C．regretted | D．failed |
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| 小题12: | | A．bed | B．work | C．school | D．hospital |
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| 小题13: | | A．peaceful | B．afraid | C．active | D．happy |
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| 小题14: | | A．recovery | B．development | C．study | D．affected |
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| 小题15: | | A．protected | B．nursed | C．scolded | D．affected |
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| 小题16: | | A．loss | B．operation | C．pressure | D．movement |
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| 小题17: | | A．leave | B．catch | C．forget | D．beat |
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| 小题18: | | A．Uncertainly | B．Unsuccessfully | C．Unusually | D．Unfortunately |
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| 小题19: | | A．painful | B．disappointed | C．nervous | D．ashamed |
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| 小题20: | | A．bigger | B．weaker | C．smaller | D．stronger |
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How to Be a Winner
Sir Steven Redgrave
Winner of 5 Olympic Gold Medals
“In 1997 I was found to have developed diabetes （糖尿病）. Believing my career （职业生涯）was over, I felt extremely low. Then one of the specialists said there was no reason why I should stop training and competing. That was it----the encouragement I needed. I could still be a winner if I believed in myself. I am not saying that it isn’t difficult sometimes. But I wanted to prove to myself that I wasn’t finished yet. Nothing is to stand in my way.”
Karen Pickering
Swimming World Champion
“I swim 4 hours a day, 6 days a week. I manage that sort of workload by putting it on top of my diary. This is the key to success—you can’t follow a career in any field without being well-organized. List what you believe you can achieve. “Trust yourself, write down your goals for the day, however small they are, and you’ll be a step closer to achieving them.”
Kirsten Best
Poet ＆ Writer
“When things are getting hard, a voice inside my head tells me that I can’t achieve something. Then, there are other distractions, such as family or hobbies. The key is to concentrate. When I feel tense, it helps a lot to repeat words such as ‘calm’, ‘peace’ or ‘focus’, either out loud or silently in my mind. It makes me feel more in control and increases my confidence. This is a habit that can become second nature quite easily and is a powerful psychological （心理的） tool.”
小题1:What does Sir Steven Redgrave mainly talk about?| A．Difficulties influenced his career. | | B．Specialists offered him medical advice. | | C．Training helped him defeat his disease. | | D．He overcame the shadow of illness to win. |
小题2:What does Karen Pickering put on top of her diary?| A．Her training schedule. | | B．Her daily happenings. | | C．Her achievements. | | D．Her sports career. |
小题3:What does the underlined word “distractions” probably refer to?| A．Ways that help one to focus. | | B．Words that help one to feel less tense. | | C．Activities that turn one’s attention away. | | D．Habits that make it hard for one to relax. |
小题4:According to the passage, what do the three people have in common?| A．Courage. | | B．Devotion. | | C．Hard work. | | D．Self-confidence. |
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A recent study, while showing a generally positive attitude toward science, also suggests a widespread worry that it may be “running out of control”. This idea is dangerous.
Science can be a force for evil as well as for good. Its applications can be channeled either way, depending on our decisions. The decisions we make, personally or collectively, will determine the outcomes of science. But here is a real danger. Science is advancing so fast is so strongly influenced by businesses that we are likely to believe whatever decisions we come to will make little difference. And, rather than fighting for the best possible policies, we may step back and do nothing.
Some people go even further. They say that despite the moral and legal objections （反对）, whatever is scientifically possible will be done ——somewhere, sometime. They believe that science will get out of control in the end. This belief is dangerous too, because it a fuels sense of hopelessness and discourages them from making efforts to build a safer world.
In our interconnected world, the lack of agreement in and of the world of science can lead to the failure to control the use of science. Without a common understanding, the challenges of “controlling” science in this century will be really tough. Take human cloning for example. Despite the general agreement among scientists on its possible huge impact （影响） on traditional moral values, some countries still go ahead with the research and development of its related techniques. The outcomes are hard to predict.
Therefore, discussions on how science is applied should be extended far beyond scientific societies. Only through the united efforts of people with hope, can we be fully safe against the misuse of science and can science best serve mankind in the future.
小题1:What can we conclude from the recent study?| A．People think highly of science. | | B．People hold mixed opinions about science. | | C．Science is getting dangerously out of control. | | D．Science is used for both good and bad purposes. |
小题2:According to the passage, what will happen if we hold that science is getting beyond control?| A．The development of science will hopelessly slow down. | | B．Businesses will have even greater influence on science. | | C．The public will lose faith in bringing about a bright future. | | D．People will work more actively to put science under control. |
小题3:The discussion should reach beyond scientific societies because __________.| A．scientists have failed to predict the outcomes | | B．the ties between different areas need strengthening | | C．united efforts are necessary for the development of science | | D．people need to work together to prevent the bad use of science |
小题4:What is the main idea of the passage?| A．Science and its applications bring us many dangers. | | B．The development of science mostly lies in people’s attitudes. | | C．Mankind can largely take control of science with their efforts. | | D．The future of science will be influenced by the dangerous ideas. |
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Last year, I was speaking at a gathering of wealthy male investors. The organizers posted the 1 of a survey showing that only a small percentage of wealthy men believed their wives spent too much.
"What?" 2 one participant. "Those guys have to be lying."
There is no reliable 3 of who spends more among the rich: men or women. Both will say the other is the 4 spender.
A recent survey by Wilmington Trust, Campden Research and Relative Solutions proves the 5 . The companies polled 40 women (I know, that is more like a show of hands than "survey"), each with a net worth of $25 million or more.
About half the respondents（受调查者） inherited（.继承） their 6 , a quarter 7 it from their husbands and the other quarter earned it 8 . That is roughly in line with other surveys of 9 women and the source of their money. One interesting note: among the self-made women, 90% got their money from owning a business, rather than 10 a salary.
As for 11 , almost all the women (90%) described their spending habits as "below their means." The report on the survey said that is "possibly 12 they do not view their extreme wealth as defining their success.
"Women tend not to spend as much as 13 and splash（泼洒得使到处是） their names all over the place," said one woman in the survey, describing her spending as conservative and he lifestyle as "below the radar."
Many women also worried about wealth having 14 effects on their children and didn"t want to spend lavishly（挥霍） to 15 a bad example.
At the same time, 70% of the women said they "buy nice things when 16 ." And 93.5% of the women said they were responsible for making 17 on major purchases, which 18 that they do a lot of the big spending.
Of course, for truly major purchases a house in Aspen, Colo., a Gulfstream, a Feadship the couple probably makes the decision 19 .
But what about other 20 ? Do you think men or women do most of the high-end spending?
( ) 1. A. results B. reasons C. times D. directions
( ) 2. A. cried B. sighed C. shouted D. laughed
( ) 3. A. data B. measure C. division D. news
( ) 4. A. biggest B. bigger C. smaller D. worse
( ) 5. A. matter B. message C. point D. report
( ) 6. A. spirit B. money C. habit D. cost
( ) 7. A. bought B. robbed C. got D. earned
( ) 8. A. itself B. herself C. ourselves D. themselves
( ) 9. A. wealthy B. poor C. ordinary D. honest
( ) 10. A. making B. earning C. taking D. spending
( ) 11. A. buying B. wasting C. spending D. saving
( ) 12. A. when B. if C. whether D. because
( ) 13. A. women B. youth C. adults D. men
( ) 14. A. serious B. good C. bad D. various
( ) 15. A. send B. set C. do D. give
( ) 16. A. necessary B. possible C. pleased D. anxious
( ) 17. A. plans B. decisions C. appointments D. suggestions
( ) 18. A. notices B. stresses C. implies D. intends
( ) 19. A. away B. together C. as well D. out
( ) 20. A. purchases B. effects C. differences D. examples |
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