Holiday Inns and McDonald’s. both saw unmatched growth in the 1960s. Their growt

Holiday Inns and McDonald’s. both saw unmatched growth in the 1960s. Their growt

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Holiday Inns and McDonald’s. both saw unmatched growth in the 1960s. Their growth opened another direct business operation—franchising.
These operations have the same general pattern. The franchisor, the parent company, first establishes a successful retail business. As it expands, it sees a profit potential in offering others the right to open similar business under its name. The parent company’s methods and means of identification with consumers are included in this right. The parent company supplies skill, and may build and rent stores to franchisees. For these advantages the franchisee pays the franchisor a considerable fee. However, some of the advantages and disadvantages are different.
By extending a “proven” marketing method, a parent can profit in several ways. First, the franchisee’s purchase price gives the parent an immediate return on the plan. Then the sale of supplies to the franchisee provides a continuing source of profits. As new businesses are added and the company’s reputation spreads, the values of the franchise increases and sales of franchises become easier. The snowballing effect can be dramatic. Such growth, too, bring into play the economies of scale. Regional or national advertising that might be financially impossible for a franchisor with 20 franchises could be profitable for one with 40.
The parent, then, finds immediate gains from the opportunity to expand markets on the basis of reputation alone, without having to put up capital or take the risk of owning retail stores. Added to this advantage is a less obvious but material one, Skilled, responsible retail managers are rare. People who invest their capital in franchises, though, probably come closer to the ideal than do paid managers. In fact, the franchisee is an independent store operator working for the franchisor, but without an independent’s freedom to drop supplies at will. Of course the factory’s costs of selling supplies are less. But also certainly the franchisee buying goods that have had broad consumer acceptance will not casually change supplies, even when the contract permits. If the hamburger is not what the customer expected, they may not return. Having paid for the goodwill, the franchisee won’t thoughtlessly destroy it.
小题1: Franchising refers to a business operation in which a successful parent company          .
A.sells name-brand goods to a private investor
B.rents proven ideas and techniques for investment
C.sells the right, the guidance to a business under its name
D.takes no advertising responsibility for individual investors
小题2:. The advantages of franchising to the parent company are all the following EXCEPT      .
A.an immediate investment return
B.the profit from the sale of supplies
C.the ownership of additional retail stores
D.the possibility of profitable advertising
小题3: The passage mainly tells the reader          .
A.the advantages and disadvantages of franchising
B.the benefits of franchising to the franchisor
C.the unmatched economic growth in the 1960’s
D.some regional and national business operation
小题4:. What will the author probably discuss after the last paragraph?
A.More advantages of franchising.
B.Negative aspects related to franchising.
C.The standard of consumer acceptance.
D.Risks of investment besides franchising

答案

小题1:C
小题2:C
小题3:B
小题4:B
解析

试题分析:
小题1:C 细节题。由第二段1,2行The franchisor, the parent company, first establishes a successful retail business. As it expands, it sees a profit potential in offering others the right to open similar business under its name.可知。C项正确。
小题2:C 细节题。由第三段First, the franchisee’s purchase price gives the parent an immediate return on the plan. Then the sale of supplies to the franchisee provides a continuing source of profits. As new businesses are added and the company’s reputation spreads, the values of the franchise increases and sales of franchises become easier. The snowballing effect can be dramatic. Such growth, too, bring into play the economies of scale. Regional or national advertising that might be financially impossible for a franchisor with 20 franchises could be profitable for one with 40.说明ABD三项都是这种特许经营授权经营的有点。而C项没有提及。
小题3:B 主旨大意题。文章在第一段提出了这种特许经营的模式,在2,3两段主要讲述了这种模式的优势,对于元公司和下面的特许经营特许人都有很多好的方面,故B正确。
小题4:B 推断题。文章主要讲述了特许经营特许人好的一方面,那么在接下来的文章中,自然是要讲述其特许经营的不好的方面。故选B。
点评:文章主要讲了特许经营这种20世纪中叶出现的新的营销模式,本文的难点在于学生对于经济类的阅读不熟悉
举一反三
Recently, a professor of philosophy in the U. S. has written a book called Money and the Meaning of Life. He has discovered that how we   41  money in our day-to-day life has more meaning than we usually think. One of the exercises he asked his students to do is to   42  every penny they spend for a week.   43  they spend their money, they can see what they really   44  in life.
He says our relation with others often becomes clearly   45  when money enters the picture. You might have   46  with somebody and you think that you are very good friends. But you will   47  him only when you ask him to lend you some money. If he does, it brings   48  to the friendship that seems stronger than ever before. Or it can suddenly  49 the friendship if he doesn’t.
Since money is so important to us, we consider those who possess a lot of it   50  very important. The author interviewed some millionaires for   51 . Question: What is  52  thing you have discovered about being rich, because you are a self-made man? Answer: What makes me surprised most is how people give me  53 . I am nothing. I don’t know much. All I   54  money
People just   55  making more and more money, but what is it   56 ? How much do I need for a given purpose in my life? In his book, the professor uncovered an important need in modern society: to bring back   57  that money is an instrument   58  the end.  59  plays an important role in the material world, but expecting money to give happiness may be  60   the meaning of life.
小题1:
A.get throughB.deal withC.give away D.look after
小题2:
A.keep a record ofB.run out ofC.keep up withD.use up
小题3:
A.In this wayB.By this meansC.By the wayD.From the way
小题4:
A.insist B.value C.dreamD.offer
小题5:
A.doubtfulB.uncertainC.definiteD.distrustful
小题6:
A.poor relationB.a quarrelC.wordsD.wonderful friendship
小题7:
A.knowB.recognizeC.respectD.admire
小题8:
A.everythingB.nothingC.anythingD.something
小题9:
A.strengthenB.weakenC.threaten D.protect
小题10:
A.isB.to beC.beingD.is to be
小题11:
A.his familyB.his friendsC.much moneyD.his book
小题12:
A.the most surprisingB.the less surprising
C.the most surprised D.a most surprising
小题13:
A.so less respectB.so much respect
C.so much moneyD.so much envy
小题14:
A.have isB.am hasC.have butD.am to be
小题15:
A.pay no attention toB.make no sense of
C.have an idea ofD.lose consciousness of
小题16:
A.againstB.byC.beyondD.for
小题17:
A.the designB.the idea C.the planD.the argument
小题18:
A.rather thanB.more thanC.other thanD.less than
小题19:
A.SpiritB.FriendshipC.MoneyD.Character
小题20:
A.missingB.gettingC.receiving D.understanding

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Spring is a wonderful season to celebrate rebirth and new life. The long, cold winter is over. The weather is warmer and sunnier. The trees again have leaves and the flowers are blooming. The season represents hope, joy and beauty. At this time, many people think of this classical music piece — Spring, which shows happiness. Italian composer Antonio Vivaldi wrote it in the seventeen hundred.
However, not all songs about spring are happy. This song written and sung by K.D. Lang is about dreaming of spring in cold dark places. She recorded I Dream of Spring in 2008.
Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein wrote It Might as Well Be Spring for the movie State Fair in 1945. Frank Sinatra sings it. It is a feeling of restlessness or excitement brought on by the coming of spring. Richard Rodgers also wrote Spring Is Here, this time with Lorenz Hart. Ella Fitzgerald sings this song about feeling lonely during this season.
Frank Loesser wrote the sad song, Spring Will be a Little Late This Year. Why has the season been delayed? Because the singer’s lover has left her. Sarah Vaughn released(发行) her version of the song in 1953.
By now you may be thinking, “Enough with the sad songs, already!” Ok, then how about a cowboy song? Gene Autry was one of America’s most famous singing cowboys. He recorded When It’s Springtime in the Rockies in 1937.
And finally, we’ll leave you with a sunny song called Up Jumped Spring. Freddie Hubbard wrote this jazz song in 1977 and Billy Taylor Trio performs it.
小题1: If you are in a bad mood, you’d better listen to _____.
A.Up Jumped SpringB.I Dream of Spring
C.Spring Is HereD.Spring Will be a Little Late This Year
小题2: It Might as Well Be Spring is a song that ______.
A.is also called State FairB.is sung by Ella Fitzgerald
C.has a lonely feelingD.was written by two people
小题3: According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?
A. Most songs about spring are written by Italian composers.
B. K.D. Lang was good at writing happy songs.
C. Sarah Vaughn sang the song Up Jumped Spring first.
D. Gene Autry was a famous cowboy singer before K.D. Lang.
小题4: Which of the following songs was first written or recorded?
A.Spring.
B.I Dream of Spring.
C.When It’s Springtime in the Rockies.
D.Spring Will be a Little Late This Year.
小题5: What’s the purpose of the author to write the passage?
A.Introduce some songs about spring.
B.Introduce some wonderful music.
C.Introduce some famous singers.
D.Express his/ her love to spring.

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The history of modern art begins with Impressionism, a movement started in Paris in the mid-1800’s. At that time many artists painted in a very traditional way that involved spending hours in a studio, painstakingly (辛苦地) creating paintings that were extremely detailed. These paintings were sometimes of people or landscapes or historical events. In 1863, Edouard Manet exhibited his painting “Dejeuner sur l’erbe” at the Salon des Refuses. The painting caused a commotion (***动), thus starting the Impressionist movement. Although Edouard Manet is the declared leader and founder of the group, he was not present at the first group exhibition or any of the other eight collective Impressionist shows. The movement gained more attention in the April of 1874 when Claude Monet, Auguste Renoir, Alfred Sisley, and Jean-Frédéric Bazille formed Society of Artists, Painters, Sculptors, Engravers and began exhibiting outside of the official salon. The same year, the term Impressionism was invented by criticizing (批评的) journalist Louis Leroy to describe their paintings, who worked for the magazine Le Charivari.
The Impressionists often paint out of doors and want to show how light and shadow fall on objects at particular times of the day. Their works are sometimes described as “captured moments” and are characterized by short quick brushstrokes (笔) of colour which, when viewed up close looks quite messy and unreal. If we step back from the Impressionist paintings, the colours are blended together by our eyes and we are able to see the painters’ subjects which often show colourful landscapes, sunlight on water as well as people busy with outdoor activities.
小题1:Before Impressionism, the works of artists were         .
A.quite abstractB.very confusing
C.very detailed D.quite controversial
小题2:Who first started Impressionism? ___________
A.Claude Monet.B.Edouard Manet.
C.Auguste Renoir.D.Alfred Sisley.
小题3: The works of the Impressionists are best viewed         .
A.with imagination B.at a distance
C.outdoors D.in a studio
小题4:The second paragraph is mainly about ______.
A.the painting style of the Impressionists
B.how to describe the Impressionist paintings
C.the influences of the Impressionist paintings
D.the subjects of the Impressionist paintings

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When Christopher Columbus landed on the then unnamed Costa Rica in 1502, he saw many Indians wearing gold earrings. So he thought the land must be rich in gold. He named the place Costa Rica, which means “rich coast” in Spanish.
Though little gold was found, Costa Rica today is indeed rich with coffee and bananas. Coffee is the most important product in Costa Rica and most of it is exported (出口) to other countries like America and Germany. Bananas are the country’s second most important export.
Costa Ricans also grow many other crops such as fruits, corn and beans for their own use. Costa Ricans love colors and their houses are painted in bright colors.
Education is very important to the Costa Ricans. Almost every village has a school and education is a must for children between seven and fourteen years of age. Boys and girls go to separate (单独的) schools. Classes begin in March and end in November. The other three months of the year are harvest time and the children have to help their parents to pick coffee beans.
小题1:    What’s the main idea of the first paragraph?
A.How Columbus found Costa Rica.
B.How Costa Rica got its name.
C.What the Costa Ricans wore.
D.What language the Costa Ricans spoke.
小题2:    The Costa Ricans may NOT paint their houses ______.
A.pink and redB.grey and black
C.blue and greenD.yellow and orange
小题3:    In Costa Rica, boys and girls between seven and fourteen ______.
A.must go to school
B.study in the same school
C.do not have to go to school at all
D.can choose to stop schooling at any time
小题4:    From December to February, school children in Costa Rica ______.
A.have lessons every day
B.have their examinations
C.help their parents pick coffee beans
D.help their parents decorate their houses
小题5:    This passage is mainly about ______.
A.Christopher Columbus
B.Costa Rica
C.some products from Costa Rica
D.the education of Costa Rica

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BELJLNG-Eating at a Beijing restaurant is usually an adventure for foreigners, and particularly when they get the chance to order “chicken without sex life” or “red burned lion head”.
Sometimes excited but mostly confused, embarrassed or even terrified, many foreigners have long complained about mistranslations of Chinese dishes. And their complaints are often valid, but such an experience at Beijing’s restaurants will apparently soon be history.
Foreign visitors will no longer, hopefully, be confused by oddly worded restaurant menus in the capital if the government’s plan to correctly translate 3,000 Chinese dishes is a success and the translations are generally adopted.
The municipal(市政)office of foreign affairs has published a book to recommend English translations of Chinese dishes, which aims to help restaurants avoid bizarre translations. It provides the names of main dishes of famous Chinese cuisines in plain English, “an official with the city’s Foreign Affairs office said .” Restaurants are encouraged to use the proposed translations, but it will not be compulsory .“ It’s the city’s latest effort to bridge the culture gap for foreign travelers in China.
Coming up with precise translations is a daunting task, as some Chinese culinary techniques are untranslatable and many Chinese dishes have no English-language equivalent.The translators, after conducting a study of Chinese restaurants in English-speaking countries, divided the dish names into four categories: ingredients, cooking method, taste and name of a person or a place. For some traditional dishes, pinyin, the Chinese phonetic system, is used, such as mapo tofu(previously often literally translated as “beancurd made by woman with freckles”), baozi(steamed stuffed bun ) and jiaozi (dumplings) to “reflect the Chinese cuisine culture,” according to the book.
“The book is a blessing to tourist guides like me. Having it, I don’t have to rack my brains trying to explain Chinese dishes to foreign travellers,” said Zheng Xiaodong, a 31- year – old employe with a Beijing- based travel agency.
“I will buy the book as I major in English literature and I’d like to introduce Chinese cuisine culture to more foreign friends,” said Han Yang, a postgraduate student at the University of International Business and Economics.
It is not clear if the book will be introduced to other parts of China. But on Tuesday, this was the most discussed topic on weibo. com, China’s most popular microblogging site.
小题1:          What’s the best title of the passage?
A.An adventure for foreigners who eat in Beijing.
B.Confusing mistranslations of Chinese dishes
C.Chinese dishes to have “official” English names
D.The effort to bridge the culture gap
小题2:          “chicken without sex life” or “red burned lion head” are mentioned in the beginning of the passage to show     .
A.some Chinese dishes are not well received
B.some Chinese dishes are hard to translate
C.some Chinese dishes are mistranslated
D.some Chinese dishes are not acceptable
小题3:          What measure has the municipal office taken?
A.Recommending a book on Chinese dishes
B.Advocating using precise translation for Chinese dishes
C.Publishing a book on China’s dietary habits
D.Providing the names of main Chinese dishes
小题4:          What’s the meaning of daunting in paragraph 5?
A.confusingB.disappointingC.discouragingD.worthwhile
小题5:          What’s the attitude of most people to the book according to the passage?
A.not clearB.excitedC.favorableD.divided

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