Hacking our senses to boost learning powerSome schools are pumping music, noises

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Hacking our senses to boost learning power
Some schools are pumping music, noises and pleasant smells into the classroom to see if it improves exam results. Could it work? Why do songs stick in our heads? What does your school smell like? Is it noisy or peaceful?
It might not seem important, but a growing body of research suggests that smells and sounds can have an impact on learning, performance and creativity. Indeed, some head teachers have recently taken to broadcasting noises and pumping smells into their schools to see whether it can boost grades. Is there anything in it? And if so, what are the implications for the way we work and study?
There is certainly some well-established research to suggest that some noises can have a harmful effect on learning. Numerous studies over the past 15 years have found that children attending schools under the flight paths of large airports fall behind in their exam results. Bridget Shield, a professor of acoustics (声学) at London South Bank University, and Julie Dockrell, from the Institute of Education, have been conducting studies on the effects of all sorts of noises, such as traffic and sirens (汽笛), as well as noise generated by the children themselves. When they recreated those particular sounds in an experimental setting while children completed various learning tasks, they found a significant negative effect on exam scores. “Everything points to a bad impact of the noise on children’s performance, in numeracy, in literacy, and in spelling,” says Shield. The noise seemed to have an especially harmful effect on children with special needs.
Whether background sounds are beneficial or not seems to depend on what kind of noise it is — and the volume. In a series of studies published last year, Ravi Mehta from the College of Business at Illinois and his colleagues tested people’s creativity while exposed to a soundtrack made up of background noises — such as coffee-shop chatter and construction-site drilling — at different volumes. They found that people were more creative when the background noises were played at a medium level than when volume was low. Loud background noise, however, damaged their creativity.
Many teachers all over the world already play music to students in class. Many are inspired by the belief that hearing music can boost IQ in later tasks, the so-called Mozart effect. While the evidence actually suggests it’s hard to say classical music boosts brainpower, researchers do think pleasant sounds before a task can sometimes lift your mood and help you perform well, says Perham, who has done his own studies on the phenomenon. The key appears to be that you enjoy what you’re hearing. “If you like the music or you like the sound — even listening to a Stephen King novel — then you do better. It doesn’t matter about the music,” he says.
So, it seems that schools that choose to prevent disturbing noises and create positive soundscapes could enhance the learning of their students, so long as they make careful choices. Yet this isn’t the only sense being used to affect learning. Special educational needs students at Sydenham high school in London are being encouraged to revise different subjects in the presence of different smells — grapefruit scents for maths, lavender for French and spearmint for history.
小题1:The four questions in the first paragraph are meant to ________.

A．create some sense of humour to please the readers

B．provide the most frequently asked questions in schools nowadays

C．hold the readers’ attention and arouse their curiosity to go on reading

D．declare the purpose of the article: to try to offer key to those questions

小题2:What does the conclusion of the studies of noise conducted by Bridget Shield and Julie Dockrell suggest?

A．Peaceful music plays an active role in students’ learning.

B．Not all noises have a negative impact on children’s performance.

C．We should create for school children a more peaceful environment.

D．Children with special needs might be exposed to some particular sounds.

小题3:Ravi Mehta’s experiment indicates that ________.

A．students’ creativity improves in a quiet environment

B．we may play some Mozart music while students are learning

C．a proper volume of background noises does improve creativity

D．noise of coffee-shop chatter is better than that of construction-site drilling

小题4:Towards the positive impact of appropriate background sound and smell on students’ learning and creativity, the author’s attitude is ________.

A．ambiguous

B．doubtful

C．negative

D．supportive

小题5:Which of the following is most likely to follow up the research findings?

A．Experts’ research into other senses that can improve students’ grades.

B．More successful examples of boosting learning power by using music.

C．Suggestions for pumping lots of pleasant smells into school campuses.

D．Debates on whether noises can really have positive effect on students’ performance.

答案

小题1:C
小题2:C
小题3:C
小题4:D
小题5:A

解析

试题分析:一些学校在教室里给学生播放音乐，并且使教室充满令人宜人的味道、他们这样做的目的是看看这样是否能提高学生的考试成绩。在本文中作者通过对几个实验的介绍表明适当的音乐和使人愉悦的味道的确会起到积极的作用。
小题1:C推理判断题。本文介绍了音乐和噪音对人思维和智力的影响，作者在开头提出问题是为了引出话题，同时引起读者的兴趣，故答案选C。
小题2:C细节理解题。根据第三段对Bridget Shield and Julie Dockrell实验结果的介绍Everything points to a bad impact of the noise on children’s performance,….. The noise seemed to have an especially harmful effect on children with special needs. 可以知噪音影响着孩子们的考试成绩 ，所以我们要为孩子们营造一个好的学习环境，答案选C。
小题3:C细节理解题。从文章第四段Ravi Mehta的实验结果They found that people were more creative when the background noises were played at a medium level than when volume was low. Loud background noise, however, damaged their creativity. 可知合适音量的背景音乐会提升人们的创造力，故答案选C。
小题4:D细节理解题。由文章末段内容So, it seems that schools that choose to prevent disturbing noises and create positive soundscapes could enhance the learning of their students, so long as they make careful choices.可以判断作者对于对学生有积极影响的声音和气味是持支持态度的，故答案选D。
小题5:A推理判断题。文章末段提出Special educational needs students…… are being encouraged to revise different subjects in the presence of different smells ……，由此可以推测科学家会继续对影响人们智力和创造力的其他味道进行研究，答案选A。.