康德哲学---道德的形而上学

题目

康德哲学---道德的形而上学
1 在康德哲学中hypothetical 和categorical imperatives的区别?
2 为什么moral command 需要有hypothetical imperative?
3 在康德哲学中moral law的“ground”是什么?
4 康德的第二formulation of the categorical imperative是什么?用的是哪四个例子?

答案

又是康德的道德论...
1.在康德哲学中hypothetical 和categorical imperatives的区别?
"Act only according to that maxim whereby you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law." 这句话是康德对categorical imperative的定义.简单来说,就是在所有可能发生的情形下的绝对的,无条件的行为规范.
与hypothetical imperatives的区别：hypothetical imperative是在一种情形下的必须行为.比如“如果我想解渴,就必须喝点东西”.虽然categorical imperative是对其的绝对化结果.但是它们都是end in itself的概念.
2.为什么moral command 需要有hypothetical imperative?
hypothetical imperative是对绝对道德规则之外的行为准则划定的界限,是对“应该”而不是“必须”做的事的定义.这种行为准则与categorical imperative一样,必须来自自我理性意愿,也就是实用理性主义的结果.
3.在康德哲学中moral law的“ground”是什么?
就是categorical imperative...= =
4.康德的第二formulation of the categorical imperative是什么?用的是哪四个例子?
你是不是懒得看书啊...
Second formulation:
"Act in such a way that you treat humanity,whether in your own person or in the person of any other,always at the same time as an end and never merely as a means to an end."
例子自己去看书...