Every day on the road, accidents are caused. They do not only happen. The reason
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Every day on the road, accidents are caused. They do not only happen. The reason may be easy to see: an overloaded tray, a shelf out of reach, a patch of ice on the road. But more often than not there is a chain of events leading up to the misfortune-frustration, tiredness or just bad temper-that show what the accident really is, a sort of attack on oneself.
Road accidents, for example, happen frequently after a family quarrel, and we all know people who are accident-prone, so often at odds with themselves and the world that they seem to cause accidents for themselves and others.
By definition, an accident is something you cannot predict or avoid, and the idea which used to be current, that the majority of road accidents are caused by a minority of criminally careless drivers, is not supported by insurance statistics. These show that most accidents involve ordinary motorists in a moment of carelessness or thoughtlessness.
It is not always clear, either, what sort of conditions make people more likely to have an accident. For instance, the law requires all factories to take safety actions and most companies have safety committees to make sure the regulations are observed, but still, every day in Britain, some fifty thousand men and women are absent from work due to an accident. These accidents are largely the result of human error or misjudgment-noise and fatigue, boredom or worry are possible factors which contribute to this. Doctors who work in factories have found that those who drink too much, usually people who have a high anxiety level, run three times the normal risk of accidents at work.
小题1:This passage might be written to . | A．college students | B．drivers | | C．ordinary citizens | D．businessmen |
小题2:“Accident-prone” in Paragraph 2 means . | A．likely to have accidents | B．injured in accidents | | C．likely to die in accidents | D．responsible for road accidents |
小题3:The passage suggests that . | A．accidents mostly result from slippery roads | | B．accidents are usually caused by psychological factors | | C．doctors run three times the normal risk of accidents in factories | | D．about 50,000 people lost their lives at work in Britain every day |
小题4:Which of the following is NOT discussed as a factor of accidents in this passage? | A．Mood | B．Carelessness | C．Tiredness | D．Weather |
小题5:What do you think would be the best title for the passage? | A．Accidents and Human | B．Why accidents happen | | C．Human Factors in Accidents | D．How to Prevent Accidents |
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答案
小题1:C
小题2:A
小题3:B
小题4:D
小题5:C |
解析
试题分析：本文主要是主要是从人的角度出发分析导致事故的原因。
小题1:C 推理题。根据第三段前三行By definition, an accident is something you cannot predict or avoid, and the idea which used to be current, that the majority of road accidents are caused by a minority of criminally careless drivers, is not supported by insurance statistics.这里的you就是指普通的居民，故C正确。
小题2:A 推理题。根据本句Road accidents, for example, happen frequently after a family quarrel, and we all know people who are accident-prone,说明在家里吵架以后情绪有波动的人是很容易在开车的时候出事故的，故该词指A有可能出事故。故A正确。
小题3:B 推理题。根据文章第三段最后一句话These show that most accidents involve ordinary motorists in a moment of carelessness or thoughtlessness.说明大部分的车祸都是由于粗心和思维不集中引起的，故都是精神方面的问题。故B正确。
小题4:D 细节题。根据前三段的Road accidents, for example, happen frequently after a family quarrel, and we all know people who are accident-prone, 和These show that most accidents involve ordinary motorists in a moment of carelessness or thoughtlessness.
和But more often than not there is a chain of events leading up to the misfortune-frustration, tiredness 说明ABC三项都是事故的可能的原因，故D项正确。
小题5:C 主旨大意题。本文主要分析的就是导致事故的原因，主要是从人的角度出发的，故Ｃ项正确。
点评：本文属于新闻报告类短文，考查的推理题较多，推断题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。 |
举一反三
Researchers at the University of Kansas say that people can accurately judge 90 percent of a stranger"s personality simply by looking at the person"s shoes．
"Shoes convey a thin but useful slice of information about their wearers," the authors wrote in the new study published in the Journal of Research in Personality．"Shoes serve a practical purpose, and also serve as nonverbal cues with symbolic messages．People tend to pay attention to the shoes they and others wear．"
Medical Daily notes that the number of detailed personality traits detected in the study include a person"s general age, their gender, income, political affiliation, and other personality traits, including someone"s emotional stability．
Lead researcher Omri Gillath said the judgments were based on the style, cost, color and condition of someone"s shoes．In the study, 63 University of Kansas students looked at pictures showing 208 different pairs of shoes worn by the study"s participants．Volunteers in the study were photographed in their most commonly worn shoes, and then filled out a personality questionnaire．
So, what do your shoes say about your personality?
Some of the results were expected: People with higher incomes most commonly wore expensive shoes, and flashier footwear was typically worn by extroverts（外向性格的人）．
However, some of the more specific results are intriguing．For example, "practical and functional" shoes were generally worn by more "agreeable" people, while ankle boots were more closely aligned with "aggressive" personalities．
The strangest of all may be that those who wore "uncomfortable looking" shoes tend to have "calm" personalities．
And if you have several pairs of new shoes or take exceptional care of them, you may suffer from "attachment anxiety," spending an inordinate amount of time worrying about what other people think of your appearance．
There was even a political calculation in the mix with more liberal types wearing "shabbier and less expensive" shoes．
The researchers noted that some people will choose shoe styles to mask their actual personality traits, but researchers noted that volunteers were also likely to be unaware that their footwear choices were revealing deep insights into their personalities．
小题1:We learn from the text that shoes one wears may ．| A．be used to judge others’ personality accurately | | B．show thick and useful information about one’s personality | | C．convey useful information including one’s emotional stability | | D．only convey some information about one’s personality |
小题2:Which of the following is not true according to the text? | A．People who wear practical and functional shoes may be hard to deal with． | | B．People with high incomes probably wear expensive shoes． | | C．Ankle boots are closely aligned with “aggressive” personalities． | | D．People wearing “uncomfortable looking” shoes tend to be calm． |
小题3:What can be the best title for this article?| A．Shoes and Information | B．Shoes and One’s Personality | | C．Shoes One Wears | D．Judging One’s Personality |
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Nicole Delian, 17, suffers from a condition that makes her sleep up to 19 hours a day and as much as 64 days in a row． Nicole Delian is tired of sleeping．
This 17-year-old teenager from North Fayette, Pa．, has a rare condition called Kleine-Levin Syndrome -- or "Sleeping Beauty Syndrome" -- that makes her sleep 18 to 19 hours a day．
And when she does wake up, she is often so tired out that she is in a sleepwalking state and doesn"t remember doing basic things like eating, according to KDKA-TV．
Nicole"s sleepwalking state has been so severe that she once slept through the holidays, awaking one day in January when she finally opened Christmas gifts alongside her family, according to ChartiersValley．Patch．com． ．
"She"s never really adjusted to it," her mother, Vicki Delien told the website． "She"s 17 now and it really upsets her． She"s missed out on a lot．"
Delien told talk show host Jeff Probst that the teen has at times slept 32 to 64 days in a row, waking only in sleepwalking mode to eat．
Kleine-Levin Syndrome is incredibly rare, only affecting about l,000 people worldwide, and very hard to diagnose．
In Nicole"s" case, it took 25 months for doctors to diagnose her, according to ChartiersValley．Patch．com, and everything from a virus, to epilepsy（癫痫） to West Nile was mentioned, including, unfortunately, the possibility she was faking it for attention．．
When a typical episode of Sleeping Beauty Syndrome begins, the patient becomes progressively drowsy（昏昏欲睡的） and sleeps for most of the day and night, waking only to eat or go to the bathroom, according to the Klein-Levin Syndrome Foundation website． "When awake, the patient"s whole behavior is changed, often appearing “stupid" or childlike． When awake he experiences confusion, complete lack of energy, and lack of emotions．"
Patients also report that everything seems out of focus, and that they are hypersensitive to noise and light． Some patients also have intense food cravings（渴望）．
The Delians did not say whether Nicole has experienced these symptoms．
There is no known cure, but Nicole"s family is using a combination of epilepsy and narcolepsy（发作性嗜睡病）medication to minimize the incidents to just two a year．
小题1:What"s the reflection of Nicole"s sleepwalking state?| A．Being forgetful． | B．Missing Christmas． | | C．Sleeping around the clock． | D．Being exhausted and bad-tempered． |
小题2:According to the passage, Kleine-Levin Syndrome ．| A．is not impossible for doctors to diagnose | | B．affects approximately l,000 people all round the country | | C．is also known as Sleeping Beauty Syndrome which only affects females | | D．makes those suffering this condition sleep as much as 64 days in a row without eating |
小题3:Frorn the passage we can infer that ．| A．the disease will change the patients" behavior for good | | B．the case of Nicole has been covered several times by different media | | C．the．patients of this kind are more and more sleepy when the syndrome begins | | D．the patients of this kind become too sensitive to being exposed to any noise and light |
小题4:According to the passage, Nicole ．| A．was once suspected of lying about her condition | | B．has a good appetite for food because of the disease | | C．has adapted to the condition and can well cope with it | | D．will be cured of the disease by using the combined medication |
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There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process．People have generally viewed personal growth as an external（外部的） result or product that can easily be identified and measured．The worker who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language--- all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts．
By contrast, the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since by definition it is a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way．The process is not the road itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings people have, their caution or courage, as they go through new experiences and unexpected obstacles．In this process, the journey never really ends; there are always new ways to experience the world, new ideas to try, new challenges to accept．
In order to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a willingness to take risks, to be faced with the unknown, and to accept the possibility that they may “fail” at first．How we see ourselves as we try a new way of being is essential to our ability to grow．
These feelings of insecurity and self – doubt are both unavoidable and necessary if we are to change and grow．If we do not face and overcome these internal fears and doubts, if we protect ourselves too much, then we cease to grow．We become trapped inside a shell of our own making．
小题1:A person is generally believed to achieve personal growth when______．．| A．he has given up his smoking habit | | B．he has made great efforts in his work | | C．he is interested in making anything new | | D．he has tried to determine where he is on his journey |
小题2:In the author’s eyes, one who views personal growth as a process would______．| A．judge his ability to grow from his own achievements | | B．succeed in climbing up the social ladder | | C．face difficulties and take up challenges | | D．aim high and reach his goal each time |
小题3:When the author says “a new way of being” （para．3）, he is referring to _____．| A．a new way of taking risks | | B．a new approach to experiencing the world | | C．a new system of adapting to change | | D．a new method of finding ourselves |
小题4:For personal growth, the author may not support __________． ．| A．curiosity and more chances | | B．being quick in self – adaptation | | C．open – minded to new experiences | | D．avoidance of internal fears and doubts |
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London, Reuters--What could annoy teenagers enough to make them stop hanging out with friends and go home？
No, it"s not a visit from their mothers, and not a threat to take away their cellphones or pocket money.
It"s high-frequency noise. The UK police recently agreed to use a device (装置) called the Sonic Teenager Deterrent. It sends out a sound that makes teenagers become so impatient and angry that they have to cover their ears tightly and walk away.
The sound is at extreme high-pitch that can be heard by those under 20. The body"s natural ability to detect some wave bands decreases almost entirely after 20, so few adults can hear the sounds. The black-box device, nicknamed the Mosquito because of its sound, can be fixed to the outside walls of shops, offices and homes. It sounds to youngsters like a crazy insect or a badly played violin. But it causes no physical damage.
A number of police forces and councils have given permission to use the system and want to install (安装) it at trouble spots.
Staffordshire Police Inspector Amanda Davies, who has given the device to shopkeepers in the Moorlands area, said," It is controlled by the shopkeepers--if they can see through their window that there is a problem, they turn the device on for a while until the group has run away."
小题1:The device can be used to _______.| A．threaten teenagers in public | | B．drive away trouble-makers under 20 | | C．help mothers control their teenage children | | D．help the police control shopkeepers |
小题2:From the passage we can know that _______.| A．young people often suffer from pains in ears | | B．shopkeepers are troubled by noisy insects | | C．high-frequency noise is beyond the listening ability of people over 20 | | D．the police invented a new device to deal with teenagers |
小题3:The purpose of the writer to write the passage is ______.| A．to advertise a new hi-tech device | | B．to tell the reader a piece of news | | C．to sell the device to shopkeepers | | D．to inform the public as the spokesman of the police |
小题4:Who will welcome the device most?| A．Shopkeepers. | B．The police. | C．Young people. | D．The producer. |
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New York, the city that never sleeps, fell silent last week—schools were closed; bus and subway services were stopped; flights were canceled, and even the stock market closed for the first time since 1985. All the disorder was caused by one thing, the arrival of hurricane Sandy.
This big storm landed on Oct 29 on the US east coast and brought damaging winds, flooding, blackouts (停电) and heavy snow.
Sandy is one of the largest storms that have ever hit the US, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. By the afternoon of Nov1 (Beijing time), about 140 deaths were caused by the storm as it traveled across the Caribbean islands and into the US.
Unlike most hurricanes that happen during summer, Sandy was strengthened not only by warm ocean water, but also by the cold air coming from the northwest. Sandy’s power grew because of the difference in masses between the warm and wet air and cool and dry air. It became a kind of “super-storm”, the Guardian reported.
The flooding was particularly severe. Scientists said it was because Sandy’s arrival happened together with a full moon, which normally means higher-than-usual tides (潮水).
“The most worrying aspect of Sandy is the high tides,” Rhode Island Governor Lincoln Chafee told Reuters before the storm arrived. “With the full moon on Monday, with Sandy coming up the bay, we’re very concerned about flooding in our low-lying coastal areas.”
Apart from the power of Sandy itself, another reason why her arrival has caused so much damage is that its target area is crowded with big cities such as New York and Philadelphia. These urban areas are home to tens of millions of people. The flood, the snow and the blackout have brought the country’s financial and political centers to a stop.
“The size of this alone, affecting a heavily populated area, is history making.” Said Jeff Masters, a hurricane specialist.
小题1:The author mentioned the disorder in New York city at the beginning of the article to _______.| A．remind us of the problems people might face when disaster strikes | | B．introduce the disastrous influence of hurricane Sandy | | C．criticize the poor management of the city by the New York government | | D．prove New York suffered most from hurricane Sandy |
小题2:According to the text, hurricane Sandy _______.| A．only got its power from the warm ocean water | | B．grew stronger than other hurricanes because of the full moon | | C．led to flooding in many cities around the US | | D．brought with it strong winds, high tides, blackouts and heavy snowfall |
小题3:From the article, we learn that areas hurricane Sandy targeted _______.| A．were mostly high land | | B．were mostly near the sea | | C．were far away from important cities | | D．were empty as people were evacuated (疏散) |
小题4:What is the main point of the article?| A．To show how a super-storm comes into being. | | B．To explain why hurricane Sandy was so destructive. | | C．To show that big cities in the US are easily affected by huge hurricanes. | | D．To explore the best ways to avoid loss when a hurricane hits. |
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