Do you know that men die earlier than women? The latest research makes it known
题型：不详难度：来源：
Do you know that men die earlier than women? The latest research makes it known that the reason could be that men’s hearts go into rapid decline when they reach middle age.
The largest study of the effects of ageing(变老) on the heart has found that women’s longevity may be linked to the fact that their hearts do not lose their pumping power with age.
“We have found that the power of the male heart falls by 20-25 percent between 18 and 70 years of age,” said the head of the study, David Goldspink of Liverpool John Moores University in the UK.
“Within the heart there are millions of cells that enable it to beat. Between the age of 20 and 70, one-third of those cells die and are not replaced in men,” said Goldspink. “This is part of the aging process.”
What surprises scientists is that the female heart sees very little loss of these cells. A healthy 70-year-old woman’s heart could perform almost as well as a 20-year-old one’s.
“This gender difference might just explain why women live longer than men,” said Goldspink. They studied more than 250 healthy men and women between the ages of 18 and 80, focusing on healthy persons to remove the confusing influence of disease. “The team has yet to find why ageing takes a greater loss on the male heart,” said Goldspink.
The good news is that men can improve the health of their heart with regular exercise. Goldspink stressed that women also need regular exercise to prevent their leg muscles becoming smaller and weaker as they age.
小题1: The underlined word “longevity” in the second paragraph probably refers to “________”.| A．health | B．long life | C．ageing | D．effect |
小题2: The text mainly talks about ________.| A．men’s heart cells | B．women’s ageing process、 | | C．the gender difference | D．hearts and long life |
小题3:According to the text, the UK scientists have known that ________.| A．women have more cells than men when they are born | | B．women can replace the cells that enable the heart to beat | | C．the female heart loses few of the cells with age | | D．women never lose their pumping power with age |
小题4:If you want to live longer, you should ________.| A．enable your heart to beat much faster | | B．find out the reason for ageing | | C．exercise regularly to keep your heart healthy | | D．prevent your cells from being lost |
小题5:We can know from the passage that ________.| A．the reason why ageing takes a greater loss on the male heart has been found out | | B．scientists are on the way to finding out why the male heart loses more of the cells | | C．the team has done something to prevent the male from suffering the greater loss | | D．women over 70 could lose more heart cells than those at the age of 20 |
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答案
小题1:B
小题2:D
小题3:C
小题4:C
小题5:B |
解析
试题分析：本文介绍女性比男性长寿的原因主要是基因问题，还有男性可以通过锻炼延长自己的寿命。
小题1:猜词题：从第一段的句子：Do you know that men die earlier than women?可知这个单词指的是女性的长寿。选B
小题2:主旨大意题。根据文章第 1 段的第 2 句…the reason could be that men’s hearts go into rapid decline when they reach middle age 和第 2 段中的 women’s longevity may be linked to the fact that their hearts do not lose their pumping power with age 及全文内容可知，本题的正确答案选 D。
小题3:事实细节题。根据文章第 5 段的第 1 句 What surprises scientists is that the female heart sees very little loss of these cells 可知，本题的正确答案选 C。
小题4:细节题：从最后一段的句子：The good news is that men can improve the health of their heart with regular exercise.可知锻炼可以保持心脏健康。答案是C
小题5:推理判断题。根据文章倒数第 2 段中的 The team has yet to find why ageing takes a greater loss on the male heart 可推知，本题的正确答案选B。
点评：本文介绍女性比男性长寿的原因主要是基因问题，还有男性可以通过锻炼延长自己的寿命。属于科普类的短文，需要考生在阅读的时候有足够的耐心。要养成在上下文串联中猜测词义的能力，根据上下文中出现的同义词，近义词，反义词，以及词义的解释来理解生词。同时要抓住文章的中心，要根据题目及选项以及文章的上下文串联合理的判断推理。 |
举一反三
Back those photos up
The images were striking. Homes on the East Coast were washed away by Superstorm Sandy. People were in tears, picking up faded photographs, among their only remaining possessions.
If that doesn’t move you to get serious about safekeeping your lifetime of memories, what will? The digital age offers tools never imaginable before—including one-click access to a lifetime of family photos.
Here is a brochure on how to back up (存) your photos and save them online, where they can live forever and be accessible in good times and bad.
Scanning
The first step for those old photos is to scan them and save them to a digital format. Most printers come with scanners these days, so that’s an easy but extremely time-consuming step.
Storing the photos
With your scans in place, import the photos into your computer, and back them up.
You could make multiple copies of the disks and spread them to loved ones. Or you could choose external(外接的) hard drives or USB thumb drive, and add your photo and video collection from your computer.
Online backup
If you need lots of space, look at a pure online backup service, Caronite.
Caronite backs up 300 million files daily. Once you sign up, it starts to pick up everything you have on your hard drive. But photo collection on your computer’s main hard drive charges for $59 a year.
Cloud Storage
For folks who don’t need automatic backup, but instead want to take a more active approach, Dropbox, Google Drive and Microsoft’s SkyDrive let you store files online by yourself, share and instantly access them. All offer free options—2GB of free storage for Dropbox, 5GB for Google and 7GB for SkyDrive. But if you want more, you need to pay.
Bottom Line
The hard drive or flash drive is the cheapest and easiest. But drives can fail. Online services are more expensive, but more secure. With more of us switching back and forth between our computers, such services are the best way to get access to our data from wherever we are.
小题1:Why does the author mention Superstorm Sandy?| A．To tell the background of the scanning photos. | | B．To attract the readers’ interest in the backups. | | C．describe a severe natural disaster. | | D．To win the readers’ sympathy. |
小题2:What can we know from the passage? | A．Scanning photos takes little time but costs a lot. | | B．Caronite charges for backing up photos from hard drive. | | C．Google Drive offers unlimited free photo storage on line. | | D．The hard drive or flash drive is the cheapest and safest. |
小题3:Which of the following allows storing files automatically? | A．Caronite. | B．Dropbox. | C．SkyDrive. | D．Flash drive. |
小题4:What’s the passage mainly about ?| A．tell real stories about storage services | | B．introduce some of the storage services | | C．describe the functions of storage services | | D．argue about the advantage of storage services |
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Drinking Water: Bottled or From the Tap?
In America, people will include a case or two of bottled water when buying the week"s groceries. When they are going to a soccer game or activity, it"s common for them to grab a cold bottle of water out of the fridge with them．In fact, Americans buy more bottled water than any other nation in the world, about 29 billion bottles a year．
But all these plastic bottles use a lot of fossil fuels and pollute the environment．In order to make all the 29 billion bottles, producers use 17 million barrels of crude oil, which is enough to keep a million cars going for 12 months．
So why don"t people drink water straight from the tap? Some people have a strong belief that bottled water is better than water out of the tap, but that"s not necessarily true．In the US, the local governments make sure water from the tap is safe．There is also growing concern that chemicals in the bottles themselves may go into the water．
People love the convenience of bottled water．But maybe if they realized the problems it causes, they would try drinking from a glass at home or carrying water in a reusable steel container instead of plastic．
Some argue that plastic bottle recycling can help．Recycled bottles can be turned into items like carpeting or clothing．Unfortunately, only one in six bottles is recycled．The rest make it to landfills（垃圾填埋场）or end as trash in other places．Plastic bottles take hundreds of years for them to disintegrate．
Water is important for you, so keep drinking it．But think about how often you use water bottles, and see if you can make a change．
And yes, you can make a difference．Remember this: Recycling one plastic bottle can save enough energy to power a 60-watt light bulb for six hours．
小题1:Why do Americans prefer bottled water?| A．Bottled water is better than water from the tap． | | B．Bottled water is cheaper than water from the tap． | | C．Bottled water contains beneficial chemicals in it． | | D．Bottled water is more convenient than water from the tap． |
小题2:What does the underlined word "disintegrate" in the fifth paragraph probably mean_____ .| A．Be well recycled． | B．Become less poisonous． | | C．Break into small pieces． | D．Go down below a surface． |
小题3:The author"s intention of writing this passage is to recommend Americans_____.| A．drink more water from the tap | | B．send plastic bottles to landfills | | C．use water bottles to power light bulls | | D．buy bottles filled with water from the tap |
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An allowance(零花钱) is an important tool for teaching kids how to make plans for the use of money, save and make their own decisions. Children remember and learn from mistakes when their own dollars are lost or spent foolishly.
How large an allowance is suitable? Experts say there is not right amount. Actual amounts differ from region to region, and from family to family.
To set an suitable allowance for your child, work up a weekly plan. Allow for entertainment costs such as movies and snacks. Next, include everyday expenses such as lunch money, bus fare, school supplies. "If you make the child responsible for these bills’," says Josephine Swanson, a consumer specialist, " he or she will learn to plan for necessary costs."
Finally, add some extra money to make saving possible. If you can keep your child’s allowance in line with that of his friends. A child whose buying power falls away below his peers’ can feel left out.
It can be tough, but don’t excuse your children when they make a mistake with their allowance. When Brooke Stephens was ten and growing up in Jacksonville, her mother gave her $5 a week, $1.75 of which was for bus fare and lunch." If you lose your money," Brooke’s mother told her, "you walk home."
One week the girl spent all her allowance in a candy store, then she called home for a ride. " Mom made me walk home," recalls Stephens, now a financial planner in Brooklyn. " At first I was angry. But I finally realized that she was trying to teach me an important lesson. "
Experts advise that an allowance should not be tied directly to a child’s daily housework at home. Kids should help around the house not because they get paid for it but because they share responsibilities as members of a family. You might, however, pay a child for doing extra jobs at home, which can develop his or her early habits.
小题1:Which of the following is the possible title of the passage?| A．How to develop a child’s early habits. | | B．How to work up an amount of pocket money. | | C．How to teach a child about money. | | D．How to teach a child to save money. |
小题2: It can be inferred from the passage that if a child is given an allowance, he or she may ________.| A．spend all the money very soon | | B．fall into the bad habit of wasting money | | C．feel responsible and careful about money | | D．lose the money and can not return home |
小题3: In Paragraph 4, the words “his peers” refer to ________.| A．his parents | B．his friends | | C．his financial experts | D．his teachers |
小题4: Why does the writer mention Brooke Stephens?| A．To question the opinion about pocket money. | | B．To compare Stephens with other financial experts. | | C．To explain that parents should be strict when children are developing good habits about money. | | D．To suggest pocket money is useless in developing a child’s sense of responsibility. |
小题5: The writer implies in the passage that ________.| A．children may feel lonely if they have no pocket money | | B．a child’s early good habits can be developed if he or she is paid for all the housework | | C．paying children for their housework is no good | | D．children may learn to put aside some money if they are given a great amount of pocket money |
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The massive magnitude（震级） 8.8 earthquake that struck the west coast of Chile moved the entire city of Concepcion at least 10 feet to the west, and moved other parts of South America as far apart as the Falkland Islands and Fortaleza, Brazil.
These measurements, produced from data gathered by researchers from four universities and several agencies, paint a much clearer picture of the power behind this earthquake, believed to be the fifth-most-powerful since instruments have been available to measure earthquake.
Buenos Aires, the capital of Argentina moved about 1 inch to the west. And Chile"s capital, Santiago, moved about 11 inches to the west-southwest. The cities of Valparaiso and Mendoza, Argentina, northeast of Concepcion, also moved.
The quake"s epicenter (震中) was in a region of South America that"s part of the so-called “ring of fire,” an area of major seismic（地震的） stresses which encircles（环绕，包围） the Pacific Ocean. All along this line, the plates on which the continents move press against each other.
Mike Bevis, professor of earth sciences at Ohio State, has led a project since 1993 that has been measuring crustal（地壳的）movement in the Central and Southern Andes. The effort is called the Central and Southern Andes GPS Project, or CAP.
Ben Brooks, an associate researcher with the School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology at the University of Hawaii, said that the event, offers a unique opportunity to better understand the seismic processes that control earthquakes.
“We now have modern, precise instruments to evaluate this event, and because the site borders a continent, we will be able to get evidences of the changes it caused.” said Brooks.
小题1:What is the main idea of the passage?| A．The earthquake in Chile was dangerous. | | B．Earthquake often happen in Chile | | C．The earthquake in Chile moved cities. | | D．The earthquake in Chile had been predicted. |
小题2:Which of the following cities moved to the west most?| A．Concepcion | B．Buenos Aires | C．Santiago | D．Valparaiso |
小题3: The underlined words “ring of fire” in Paragraph 4 refer to __________.| A．the fire and the earthquake | | B．the beautiful places around the ocean | | C．the plate on which South America lies | | D．the area around the Pacific Ocean |
小题4: What do we know about CAP?| A．It is under the leadership of Mike Bevis. | | B．It observes earthquakes worldwide. | | C．It is designed to watch climate changes. | | D．It mainly studies the Pacific Ocean. |
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根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。（共5题，每小题2分，满分10分）
Active listening is an essential skill in learning. It is when you listen carefully to make sure you understand and learn the information that is being conveyed. 1 Here are some things which can help you to listen actively.
Listen for the main point and major subpoints(次要点). Don’t just write everything down. Listen carefully and make sure you understand what the purpose of this lecture is. As you take down notes, keep the main point in mind and make sure you understand how these notes are related.
Listen for an organizational structure. Listen carefully to figure out how the ideas are organized and they will make more sense.
Pay attention to organizational cues（暗示）. 2 Pay close attention to the introduction, as it will probably indicate how you should organize your notes. If the lecture begins with, “ Today, I’m going to talk about three conflicts in the Middle East,” then you have a good idea of what’ s going to follow. Listen for “signpost” words to indicate a transition for one point to the next, such as “next” and “finally” and numerical signposts like “first” or “third”.
Listen with your eyes. 3 Watch the teacher and be aware of how he or she uses hand gestures, eye contact and other body language to convey points.
___4____ Put away the campus newspaper, your cell phone and anything else that might be more interesting than the lecture. Learning to concentrate and listen actively is an endurance(持久) skill. 5 | A． Speakers communicate information through nonverbal(不使用语言的) communication. | | B． Unfortunately, many students don’t know how to listen actively when they attend classes. | | C． If your teacher indicates that something is important ,mark it. | | D． Make yourself do it, and it will get easier over time. |
E. Listen carefully for words and phrases that reflect the organizational structure of the lecture.
F. Your teachers’ notes are probably organized into some kind of outline.
G. Remove distractions. |
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