Just five one-hundredths of an inch thick, light golden in colour and with a per
题型：不详难度：来源：
Just five one-hundredths of an inch thick, light golden in colour and with a perfect “saddle curl”( 马鞍状卷曲 ), the Lay’s potato chip seems an unlikely weapon for global domination. But its maker, Frito-Lay, thinks otherwise. “Potato chips are a snack food for the world,” said Salman Amin, the company’s head of global marketing. Amin believes there is no corner of the world that can resist the charms of a Frito-Lay potato chip.
Frito-Lay is the biggest snack maker in America owned by PepsiCo, and accounts for over half of the parent company’s $3 billion annual profits. But the U.S. snack food market is largely saturated( 市场基本饱和 ), and to grow, the company has to look overseas.
Its strategy rests on two beliefs: First, a global product offers economies of scale with which local brands cannot compete. And second, consumers in the 21st century are drawn to “global” as a concept. “Global” does not mean products that are consciously identified as American, but ones that consumers--- especially young people--- see as part of a modern, innovative( 创新的 ) world in which people are linked across cultures by shared beliefs and tastes. Potato chips are an American invention, but most Chinese, for instance, do not know that Frito-Lay is an American company. Instead, Riskey, the company’s research and development head, would hope they associate the brand with the new world of global communications and business.
With brand perception a crucial factor, Riskey ordered a redesign of the Frito-Lay logo. The logo, along with the company’s long-held marketing image of the “irresistibility” of its chips, would help facilitate the company’s global expansion.
The executives ( 行政主管 )acknowledge that they try to swing national eating habits to a food created in America, but they deny that amounts to economic imperialism(帝国主义). Rather, they see Frito-Lay as spreading the benefits of free enterprise across the world. “We are making products in those countries, we’re adapting them to the taste of those countries, building businesses and employing people and changing lives,” said Steve Reinemund, PepsiCo’s chief executive.
72. It is the belief of Frito-Lay’s head of global marketing that _____.
A. People over the world enjoy eating their company’s potato chips
B. Their company must find new ways to promote domestic sales
C. The light golden color enhances the charm of their company’s potato chips
D. Potato chips can hardly be used as a weapon to dominate the world market
73. One of the assumptions on which Frito-Lay bases its development strategy is that _______.
A. products identified as American will have promising market value
B. local brands cannot compete successfully with American brands
C. products suiting Chinese consumers’ needs bring more profits
D. consumers worldwide today are attracted by global brands
74. Why did Riskey have the Frito-Lay logo redesigned? ______
A. To suit changing tastes of young consumers.
B. To change the company’s long-held marketing image.
C. To promote the company’s strategy of globalization.
D. To compete with other American chip producers.
75. Frito-Lay’s executives claim that the promoting of American food in the international market ______.
A. won’t affect the eating habits of the local people
B. will be in the interest of the local people
C. will lead to economic imperialism
D. won’t spoil the taste of their chips |
答案
小题1:A
小题2:D
小题3:C
小题4:B |
解析
| |
举一反三
The Friday after the American holiday of Thanksgiving is called Black Friday. It’s said that it’s the day that store ledgers(分类账)move into the black and companies become profitable. On that day, retailers slash prices to get consumers to buy. It is also a time when many Americans start their Christmas shopping. VOA’s Elizabeth Lee tells us how the economy may affect consumers on that bargain day.
“It’s just the deals, the sales and everything you can get for a lesser price,” said Sandy Thomas, a shopper. But it’s a nightmare for others. “I think it’s crazy. I’ve done all of my shopping throughout the week so I don’t have to go out on Friday,” she said. It’s called Black Friday, the start of the traditional Christmas shopping season in the United States. Every year it’s the day after the Thanksgiving holiday. Stores open before sunrise and there are deep discounts everywhere you look.
While the lead up to Christmas is known as the season of giving, Black Friday can get ugly.
Last year a crowd of bargain-hunters killed a Wal-mart worker in a New York suburb. This year, many stores are increasing security while they slash prices. “This is a huge time for the retail stores,” said Fred Joutz from George Washington University. “This is when they begin making their profits for the year.”
Economics professor Fred Joutz says how Americans spend the weekend after Thanksgiving is a good indication of how consumers feel about the future.
With the unemployment rate above 10 percent, Joutz says Americans are saving more and spending less. “Credit is still strictly controlled whether through credit cards or through borrowing from banks,” he said. Some retailers are attracting consumers by opening on Thanksgiving Day, when shops are traditionally closed. Other stores open their doors anywhere from midnight to four in the morning.
And shoppers will be lining up in front of the doors in order to be one of the first ones to walk through and get a big discount. Electronics like flat screen TVs are usually the first items to go. Sandy Thomas says it’s an annual family tradition and well worth it. “I just save maybe half of what I would have spent on a regular, you know, shopping trip,” she said.
Economists say U.S. consumers will spend money this Black Friday, but they will spend it more carefully.
59. The underlined word “slash” in the first paragraph probably means _________.
A. reduce B. raise C. increase D. change
60. The sentence “This day should be a shopper’s dream.” should be placed between ________.
A. paragraph two and paragraph three B. paragraph one and paragraph two
C. paragraph three and paragraph four D. paragraph five and paragraph six
61. Why are many stores increasing security according to the passage?
A. Because there are too many people saving more and spending less.
B. Because it’s a time when they begin making their profits for the year.
C. Because last year a crowd of bargain-hunters caused an accident.
D. Because many stores open their doors from midnight to four a.m.
62.What can we learn from the passage?
A. Christmas shopping is traditional time and this year it is no exception.
B. Electronics like flat screen TVs are usually least discounted.
C. The economy only affects consumers on that bargain day.
D. Thanksgiving is a good indication of how consumers feel about the future. |
Each cell in the human body contains about 25,000 to 35,000 genes, which carry information that determines your traits. Traits are characteristics you inherit from your parents; this means your parents pass some of their characteristics on to you through genes. For example, if both of your parents have green eyes, you might inherit the trait of green eyes from them. Or if your mom has freckles, you might inherit that trait and wind up with a freckled face. And genes aren’t just in humans — all animals and plants have genes, too.
Genes hang out all lined up on thread-like things called chromosomes. Chromosomes come in pairs, and there are hundreds, sometimes thousands of genes in one chromosome. The chromosomes and genes are made of DNA, which is short for deoxyribonucleic acid.
Chromosomes are found inside cells, the very small units that make up all living things. A cell is so tiny that you can only see it through the lens of a strong microscope, and there are billions of cells in your body. Most cells have one nucleus. The nucleus, which is sort of egg-shaped, is like the brain of the cell. It tells every part of the cell what to do. How does the nucleus know so much? It contains our chromosomes and genes. Tiny as it is, the nucleus has more information in it than the biggest dictionary you’ve ever seen.
71. What is the best title of this passage?
A. What Is a Gene? B. How Do Genes Work?
C. What Does A Gene Consist of? D. How Do Nucleus Command Cells?
72. What does the underlined word “inherit” probably mean in the first paragraph?
A. carry B. send C. obtain D. pass
73. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. The parents pass some characteristics on to their children.
B. All living things receive traits from the old generations.
C. One’s green eyes might be passed on from the parents.
D.A mother’s freckled face might affect her young’s face.
74. From the passage we can know that______________.
A. genes can decide all your characteristics from parents.
B. genes exist inside cells that make up all living things.
C. genes tells every part of the cell what to do .
D. Chromosomes come in pairs containing genes.
75. From the passage we can conclude that ___________.
A. not all cells have one nucleus inside .
B. not all living things are made up of cells.
C. genes aren’t in humans but in animals and plants.
D. DNA is made of chromosomes and genes. |
II 阅读理解（共25小题。第一节每小题2分，第二节每小题1分；满分45分）
第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（ A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The Opera house in Santa Fe. New Mexico is one of the most beautiful ones in the United States. It is small and open, with one roof over the stage where singers perform and another roof over part of the audience. This opera house in the mountain is one of the best in the country, which may seem surprising because performances are only given during seven weeks in the summer, and because Santa Fe is a very small city.
One reason why the Santa Fe Opera is so good is that it attracts many excellent young singers. They all hope to sing in famous opera houses like Metropolitan in New York someday, and they work hard to become well-known during the summer. The musicians and directors are experts who come from the best orchestras(管弦乐队) and operas in the country during their vacations. They enjoy working there because they like to live in Santa Fe, which is near both the mountains and the desert. It is very beautiful there in the summer.
The state government of New Mexico advertises the Santa Fe Opera in newspapers all over the country, and a great many tourists come to New Mexico because of the opera. Still, most of the audience does come from Santa Fe and other nearby cities, and all the seats in the theater are sold for every show.
There is only one thing that some people do not like about the Santa Fe Opera, and that is the cold weather. Because the theater is open, performances cannot start before it gets dark at nine o"clock in the evening, and then the mountain air becomes very cool. Sometimes people complain about the cold air, but because the operas are good, these people come back again---wearing warm coats.
41.This passage mainly introduces _____.
A. a mountain city B. young musicians C. an opera house D. the tourism in Santa Fe
42.Young singers come to perform in Santa Fe Opera because _____.
A. the music quality is high B. they enjoy the climate there
C. they want to be famous D. they like the scenery there
43.It seems surprising that Santa Fe becomes famous because _____.
A. it is only a very small place B. it is between the mountain and desert
C. all the seats are old for every show D. musicians there are from the best orchestras
44.From the passage, we can learn that _____.
A. the opera house is open without any roofs B. musicians always spend vacations in Santa Fe
C. the government advertises to attract more musicians
D. performances are held in Santa Fe only after sunset
45.The underlined word“advertise”in Paragraph 3 means _____.
A. forces others to read B. cheats people to come C. supports D. praises |
The day will come when my body will lie upon a white sheet neatly folded in under the four corners of a mattress located in a hospital busily occupied with the living and the dying. At a certain moment, a doctor will determine that my brain has ceased to function and that, to all intents and purposes, my life has stopped.
When that happens, do not attempt to instill artificial life into my body by the use of a machine. And don"t call this my deathbed. Let it be called the Bed of Life, and let my body be taken from it to help others lead fuller lives.
Give my sight to the man who has never seen a sunrise, a baby"s face or love in the eye of a woman. Give my heart to a person whose own heart has caused nothing but endless days of pain. Give my blood to the teenager who was pulled from the wreckage of his car, so that he might live to see his grandchildren play. Give my kidneys to one who depends on a machine to exist. Take my bones, every muscle, every fiber and nerve in my body, and find a way to make a crippled child walk.
Explore every corner of my brain. Take my cells, if necessary, and let them grow so that, someday, a speechless boy will shout at the crack of a bat, and a deaf girl will hear the sound of rain against her window.
Burn what is left of me and scatter the ashes to the winds to help the flowers grow. If you must bury something, let it be my faults, my weaknesses and all prejudice against my fellow man.
If, by chance, you wish to remember me, do it with a kind deed or word to someone who needs you. If you do all I have asked, I will live forever.
68. What does the underlined part "to all intents and purposes" in tire first paragraph mean?
A, actually B. occasionally C. meaningfully D. interestedly
69. How many things does the author mention should be contributed to others in the passage?
A. less than five B. six C. seven D. more than eight
70. The author is not the kind of person who____________.
A. is selfish but great B. is brave and kind C. has a spirit of sacrifice D. is noble-minded
71. What the author realty wants to stress in the last two paragraphs is
A. the need to persuade to do everything more gently
B. kindness to others even in death
C. living forever makes us remembered
D. we should make the world more attractive |
Botswana lies immediately to the north of South Africa. It is bordered on the north and west by Namibia, on the north and east by Zimbabwe, and is connected by a narrow strip of land on the northern border to Zambia. Its territory consists almost entirely of a broad, flat, arid subtropical plateau(高原), though there are hills in the eastern part of the country.
In the northwest, the Okavango River empties into the Kalahari sands, creating the largest inland river delta in the world. While the Okavango Delta is home to relatively few large animals in comparison to other areas of Botswana, its clear waters and countless small islands are home to a variety of birds, plants, and smaller species of animals.
Nearby is Chobe National Park, a beautiful grassland reserve(保护区) that has gained international fame for its large elephant population. Southeast of Chobe are Botswana"s large Makgadikgadi salt pans, home to numbers of blue wildebeest, several antelope species, and those international lovers of salt pans, flamingos(a kind of birds).
Almost the entire remaining portion of the country is covered by the Kalahari Desert--a varied environment of sand and grassland. Although this area of Botswana is where few people live, it is one of the richest wildlife areas in all of Africa.
Botswana"s two largest parks, the Central Kalahari Game reserve and Gemsbok National Park, are found in this region.
Botswana"s climate can get rather cool, particularly during the dry winter months of June to August when night occasionally brings frost. The rainy summer months (December through March) are best avoided for those interested in enjoying the best game viewing conditions.
72.South Africa is to the______of Botswana.
A.east B.north C.south D.west
73.In the Okavango Delta we can find______.
A.a lot of large animals B.many small islands
C.salt pans D.polluted waters
74.If we want to see flamingo, we should go to_______ .
A.salt pans B.Chobe National Park
C.Kalahari Desert D.Gemsbok National Park
75.It is suggested that tourists visit Botswana in______.
A.December B.March C.January D.July
76.What is the passage mainly about Botswana?
A.Location, geography and climate. B.Living conditions, politics and salt pans.
C.Parks, animals and population. D.Animals, races and sightseeing places. |
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