Many people believe the glare（炫目的光）from snow causes snowblindness. Yet, with da

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　Many people believe the glare（炫目的光）from snow causes snowblindness. Yet, with dark glasses or not, they find themselves suffering from headaches and watering eyes, and even snowblindness ,when exposed to several hours of“ snow light”.
　　The United States army has now determined that glare from snow does not cause snowblindness in troops in a snow -covered country. Rather ,a man’s eyes frequently find nothing to focus on （聚集）in a broad space of snow- covered without- grass land. So his gaze continually moves and jumps back and forth over the entire landscape in search of something to look at. Finding something, hour after hour, the eyes never stop searching and the eyeballs become tired and the eye muscles ache. Nature makes up for this discomfort by producing more and more fluid （流体） which covers the eyeball. The fluid covers the eyeball in increasing quantity until it makes eyes difficult to see dearly, and the result is total, even though for a short time, snowblindness.
　　Experiments led the Army to a simple method of overcoming this problem. Scouts（侦察兵）ahead of the troops are trained to shake snow from evergreen bushes, creating a dotted line as they cross completely snow - covered landscape. Even the scouts themselves throw lightweight, dark - colored objects ahead on which they can focus too. The men following can then see something. Their gaze is arrested. Their eyes focus on a bush and having found something to see, stop searching the snow -blanketed landscape. By focusing their attention on one object at a time. the men can cross the snow without becoming hopelessly snowblind or lost. In this way the problem of crossing a continuous white land is overcome.
小题1:To prevent snowblindness caused by the strong light from snow, wearing glasses or not ________.

A．depends on whether the snow is white enough

B．makes no difference

C．makes much difference

D．depends on whether the snow is thick

小题2:When the eyes are tired, tears flow out ________.

A．to clear the vision

B．to make the eyes stop searching

C．to make the vision unclear

D．to produce more and more liquid

小题3:Snowblindness can be avoided ________.

A．by moving one’s gaze back and forth

B．by walking ahead and keeping looking around

C．by making up for the discomfort of one’s eyes

D．by providing the eyes with something to focus on

答案

　
小题1:B
小题2:C
小题3:D

解析

小题1:第一段提到戴不戴眼镜都会产生“雪盲”的症状，如头疼，流泪甚至雪盲。
小题2:　第二段结尾部分说此时泪水流出来充满眼眶，眼睛看不清，导致雪盲。
小题3:第三段提到的侦察兵的做法告诉我们，雪盲的产生是因为在雪地里眼睛找不到具体目标，由于寻找不到看的物体才产生雪盲。人们就将灌木上的雪去掉，扔一些深色物体，其目的是D。

举一反三

　　A sixth of undergraduates in Beijing this year have registered at driving school. The students, mostly from majors such as business management or international trade, will finish their driving courses within 20 days or so.
　　Training costs have dropped to 2, 600 yuan for students, according to the Haidian Driving School in Beijing. The price is not really low, but students will accept it, seeing it as an investment （投资）in their future. Familiarity with the operation of computers and fluent English are the basic skills graduating students need to find a job. But a driver’s permit has become another factor （因素）.
　　“In the job market, owning a driver’s permit sometimes strengthens a graduating student’s competitiveness for a good position, ”says Zhou Yang, an undergraduate at the China University of Political Science and Law.
　　Cars will become a necessary part of many people’s lives in the coming years, and it is difficult to get a permit of campus because of the pressures on working people’s time. “Having a fulltime job after graduation offers limited time to learn to drive. We senior students have plenty of spare time, plenty of opportunity to learn. ”Zhou says.
　　Xu Jian, an official at the driving school, said undergraduates were very able and serious, and could grasp in an hour what ordinary people took four hours to learn. In this driving school, middle -aged people, young women and college students are the main customers.
　　To get a driver’s permit, a beginner is now required to have at least 86 hours’practice before the final road test.
　小题1:________ in Beijing want to learn to drive.

A．Most of the undergraduates

B．Many undergraduates

C．Many students in the driving school

D．Most of the students who learn business or international trade

　　小题2:The undergraduates are learning to drive because ________.

A．they need this skill to find a good job

B．they like to drive cars

C．they will not have any time to learn to drive after they have
　　found a full - time job

D．most of them will be able to buy cars in the future

　　小题3:Which of the following is likely to be Xu Jian’s opinion of students learning to drive?

A．He thought it was better to learn it at college than at work.

B．He decided it was a waste of money and time to learn to drive.

C．He agreed that they could learn to drive.

D．He thought they would spend three times more time to learn to drive than usual.

　　小题4:Which of the following can be the best headline for the passage?

A．Students Pay Less to Learn to Drive Now.

B．Students Learn to Drive.

C．It is Better to Learn to Drive at Colleges.

D．Welcome to the Driving School.

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I fell in love with England because it was quaint(古雅)—all those little houses, looking terribly old-fashioned but nice, like dolls’ houses. I loved the countryside and the pubs, and I love London. I’ve slightly changed my mind after seventeen years because I think it’s an ugly town now.
Things have changed. For everybody, England meant gentlemen, fair play and good manners. The fair play is going, unfortunately, and so are the gentlemanly attitudes and good manners—people shut doors heavily in your face and politeness is disappearing.
I regret that there are so few comfortable meeting places. You’re forced to live indoors. In Paris I go out much more, to restaurants and nightclubs. To meet friends here it usually has to be in a pub, and it can be difficult to go there alone as a woman. The cafes are not terribly nice.
As a woman, I feel unsafe here. I spend a bomb on taxis because I will not take public transport after 10 p.m. I used to use it, but now I’m afraid.
The idea of family seems to be more or less non-existent in England. My family is well united and that’s typically French. In Middlesex I had a neighbor who is 82 now. His family only lived two miles away, but I took him to France for Christmas once because he was always alone.
小题1:The writer doesn’t like London because she___.

A．is not used to the life there now	B．has lived there for seventeen years
C．prefers to live in an old-fashioned house	D．has to be polite to everyone she meets there

小题2:Where do people usually meet their friends in England?

A．In a café.

B．In a restaurant.

C．In a nightclub.

D．In a pub.

小题3:The underlined part “it” (in Para.4) refers to ___.

A．a taxi

B．the money

C．a bomb

D．public transport

小题4:The writer took her neighbor to France for Christmas because he ___.

A．felt lonely	B．had never been to France
C．was from a typically French family	D．didn’t like the British idea of family

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Some people believe that international sport brings about good will between the nations and that ff countries play games together they will learn to live together. Others say that the opposite is true: that international contests encourage false national pride and lead to misunderstanding and hatred. There is probably some truth in both arguments, but in recent years the Olympic Games have done little to support the view that sport encourages international brotherhood. Not only was there the terrible incident with the murder of athlets, but the Games were also ruined by those incidents caused mainly by minor national contests.
　　One country received its second - place medal with great anger after the hockey final. There had been noisy scenes at the end of the hockey match, the losers objecting to the final decisions. They were certain that one of their goals should not have been dismissed and that the opposite side"s victory was unfair. Their manager was angry when he said: "This wasn"t hockey. Hockey and the International Hockey Society are finished. "The president of the society said later that such words could result in the pause of the team for at least three years.
　　The American basketball team announced that they would not give away first place to Russia, after a fighting end to their contest. The game had ended in quarrel. It was thought at first that the United States had won, by a single point, but it was announced that there were three seconds still to play, A Russian player then threw the ball from one end of the court to the other, and another player beat it into the basket. It was the first time the USA had ever lost an Olympic basketball match. The judges discussed the matter for four and a half hours before announcing that the result would stand. The American players then decided not to receive the silver medals.
　　Incidents of this kind will continue as long as sport is played for honors or money rather than for the love of the game. The suggestion that sportsmen should compete as individuals , or in non national teams, might be too much to hope for. But in the present organization of the Olympics there is far too much that encourages dangerous nationalism.
　　小题1:According to the author, recent Olympic Games have ________.

A．brought about goodwill between the nations

B．made only false national pride

C．hardly showed any international friendship

D．led to more and more misunderstanding and hatred

　　小题2:What did the manager mean by saying, "... Hockey and the International Hockey Society are finished"? ________.

A．His team would no longer take part in international games

B．Hockey and the society are both ruined by the unfair decisions

C．There should be no more hockey matches organized by the society

D．The society should be dismissed

　　小题3:What conclusion can be drawn from the passage? ________.

A．The organization of the Olympic Games must be improved

B．Athletes should compete as individuals in the Olympic Games

C．Sport should be played competitively rather than for the love of the game

D．International contests lead to misunderstanding between nations.

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Happy April Fool’s Day! In celebration of the day, we have put together a list of some of the greatest hoaxes (恶作剧) in history. They are the lies that have been designed for innocent people who are ready to believe them.
▲INSTANT COLOR TV
In 1962 there was only one TV channel in Sweden, and it broadcast in black and white. The station’s Kjell Stepson, appeared on the news to announce that thanks to a newly developed technology, all viewers could now quickly and easily transform their existing sets to display color reception. All they had to do was pull a nylon stocking over their TV screen, and they would begin to see their favorite shows in color. Reportedly, hundreds of thousands of people, were taken in. Actual color TV transmission only started to appear in Sweden on April 1, 1970.
▲SAN SERRIFFE
In 1977 the British newspaper The Guardian published a special seven-page supplement (增刊) in honor of the tenth anniversary of San Serfiffe, a small republic located in the Indian Ocean. A series of articles affectionately asked for more information about the beautiful holiday spot. Few noticed that everything about the island was made up.
▲NIXON FOR PRESIDENT
In 1992 American National Public Radio’s Talk of the Nation program announced that Richard Nixon, in a surprise move, was running for President again. His new campaign slogan was, “I didn’t do anything wrong, and I won’t do it again.” Accompanying this announcement were audio clips (片断) of Nixon delivering his election speech. Listeners responded immediately to the announcement, flooding the show with calls expressing shock and anger. Only during the second haft of the show did the host John Huckleberry reveal that the announcement was a practical joke. Nixon’s voice was copied by comedian Rich Little.
小题1:Which of the following western countries is NOT mentioned in the text?

A．India	B．the UK
C．the United States	D．Sweden

小题2:Who worked as a host on the radio?

A．Kjell Stepson	B．Rich Little
C．Richard Nixon	D．John Huckleberry

小题3:When did the small republic San Serriffe come into being?

A．In 1962.	B．In 1977.
C．In 1992.	D．Never.

小题4:Where can we probably read this article?

A．In an ad.	B．In a magazine.
C．In a novel.	D．In a news report.

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People in Britain often talk about their homes: their mortgages (按揭), the interest rates, and rising prices. Here’s a guide to some of the words and phrases you might come across.
It’s a good idea in the UK to arrange a mortgage with a bank before you start looking. This is when the bank tells you how much money they will lend you so you have a good idea of how much you can afford.
The next step is to go to an estate agent and see what sort of properties they have available in your budget range and in your area. If you see something you like, the estate agent will arrange for you to view the property, so that you can see the house or flat for yourself.
If you see something that takes your eye, you put in an offer. The vendor (卖家) can accept or decline this offer, and if the vendor accepts it, you can move forward with the sale. However, as you don’t pay any money at this point, the offer isn’t legally binding (具有约束力), and in theory, you can pull out of the offer at any time that you like.
Your next step will probably be to get a structural survey done. A qualified surveyor will inspect the house and write a report that illustrates any structural problems, like damp or drainage problems.
If you still want to go ahead with the sale, you need to appoint a lawyer to do the legal paperwork, if you already own a house you might also be busy trying to sell it Many house owners prefer to sell to first-time buyers (those people who don’t already own a home), as they are not in a chain (waiting for other people to buyer house before they can buy their next house).
Finally, once the contracts are signed and exchanged, you complete on your house. You get the keys and you can move in whenever you want. Then you might want to throw a house-warming party. Congratulation!
小题1:Which of the following shows the right order of what happens before the people in the UK move into a new house?
a. ask for a company which represents others of properties
b. decide how much to borrow from the bank
c. examine the structure of the house
d. hire a lawyer and make a contract
e. offer the seller the right money
f. visit the house and discuss a price with the seller

A．b, a, f, d, c, e	B．b, a, f, e, d, c
C．b, a, f, c, d, e	D．b, f, d, e, c, a

小题2:According to the passage, these statements are correct EXCEPT ___________.

A．After getting the keys, the owners sometimes have a party.

B．People care for mortgages, interest rates and the prices &house.

C．The sellers are more interested in the first-time buyers.

D．People can borrow the whole money for a new house from a bank.

小题3:Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?

A．Collectors.	B．Owners.
C．Lawyers.	D．Surveyors.

小题4:The passage is maybe one that _______________.

A．give some advice on the house	B．give some tips to buyers
C．introduces a book on travelers	D．introduces a guide to visitors

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