McDonald"s is the world single biggest food provider with annual sales of around
题型：不详难度：来源：
McDonald"s is the world single biggest food provider with annual sales of around $12.4bn. And the company"s symbol Ronald McDonald is now （or so the company claims） the word"s most recognized person after Santa Claus.
The first McDonald"s restaurant was opened in San Bernardino, California, in 1948 by brothers Mac and Richard “Dick” McDonald. Mac ran the restaurant side; Dick was the marketing genius. He had already invented the drive-in laundry and had been the first person to use neon lights in advertising. Now he spotted the gap in the post-war, baby-boom market for cheap, family-orientated restaurants with simple menus, standardized food and efficient service.
After a slow start, business began to boom. By 1954, the brothers were joined by another entrepreneur, a kitchen equipment salesman called Ray A Kroc who owned the franchise to the Multimixer, milk shake maker used throughout the McDonald"s chain. A year later, Kroc had bought the McDonald brothers" chain of 25 franchises for the equivalent of around $70m（￡44m）. Dick remained with the company until the Seventies, when he and Kroc fell out over Kroc"s claim that the chain was his creation.
Today, an almost Stalinist cult of personality surrounds Kroc （who died in 1984） at McDonald"s, while the brothers who gave the company its name have all but been written out of its history. But though Kroc did not found McDonald"s, he was certainly responsible for the empire-building philosophy which led to its world domination. He ushered in such essential contributions to international cuisine as the Big Mac （1968） and the Egg McMuffin （1973）; and helped launch Ronald McDonald —— “in any language he means fun” —— on to television in 1963.
Every three hours, a new McDonald"s franchise opens somewhere in the world; it can be found in more than 100 countries including India （vegetarian-only to avoid offending the non-beef-eating populace） and Israel （non kosher, despite fierce local objection）. McDonald"s chain embodied the thrusting, can-do spirit of Fifties America with staff mottoes such as “If you"ve got time to lean, you"ve go time to clean.”
小题1: McDonald"s was founded _____.| A．by a kitchen equipment salesman | | B．in California. | | C．by a marketing genius called Dick McDonald. | | D．after the first World War. |
小题2:What do we know about McDonald"s brothers?| A．They were not McDonald"s founders although they named the restaurant. | | B．Their business was still in depression after several years. | | C．They had clear job separation on business. | | D．They sold their restaurant to a salesman in 1954. |
小题3: Which is not Kroc"s contribution to McDonald"s ?| A．He launched the restaurant image Ronald McDonald on to television. | | B．Under his lead, international cuisine as the Big Mac and the Egg McMuffin earned worldwide fame | | C．He spotted the gap in postwar market for cheap, family-orientated restaurants. | | D．He built McDonald"s empire with a philosophy which led to its world domination. |
小题4:Which statement is true according to the passage?| A．The single biggest food provider was however, not named after its founder | | B．The international cuisine as the Big Mac, a beef hamburger, is provided every chain restaurant in the world. | | C．Employees in McDonald"s have no time to lean. | | D．The symbol Ronald McDonald, means fun in any language, is said to the word most recognized person after Santa Claus. |
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答案
小题1:B
小题2:C
小题3:C
小题4:B |
解析
试题分析：文章介绍世界最大的食品供应商麦当劳的创办和发展的过程。
小题1:细节题，由第二段The first McDonald’s restaurant was opened in San Bernardino, California, in 1948 by brothers Mac and Richard “Dick” McDonald.可知McDonald"s是在加力福利亚创办的，选出答案B
小题2:事实辨认，细节题。答案为C，根据是第二段Mac ran the restaurant side; Dick was the marketing genius.可知他们有明确的工作分工。选C
小题3:细节题。答案为C，根据是第二段最后Now he （指Dick） spotted the gap in the post-war, baby-boom market for cheap, family-orientated restaurants with simple menus, standardized food and efficient service.可知这不是Kroc 的贡献，选C
小题4:事实推断题。根据第一段And the company’s symbol Ronald McDonald is now (or so the company claims) the word’s most recognized person after Santa Claus.和倒数第二段in any language he means fun” 选择答案D. |
举一反三
A is for always getting to work on time.
B is for being extremely busy.
C is for the conscientious（勤勤恳恳的） way you do your job.
You may be all these things at the office, and more. But when it comes to getting ahead, experts say, the ABCs of business should include a P, for politics, as in office politics.
Dale Carnegie suggested as much more than 50 years ago: Hard work alone doesn’t ensure career advancement. You have to be able to sell yourself and your ideas, both publicly and behind the scenes. Yet, despite the obvious rewards of engaging in office politics—a better job, a raise, praise—many people are still unable or unwilling—to “play the game”.
“People assume that office politics involves some manipulative（工于心计的） behavior,” says Deborah Comer, an assistant professor of management at Hofstra University, “But politics derives from the word ‘polite’. It can mean lobbying（游说）and forming associations. It can mean being kind and helpful, or even trying to please your superior, and then expecting something in return.”
In fact, today, experts define office politics as proper behaviors used to pursue one’s own self-interest in the workplace. In many cases, this involves some forms of socializing within the office environment—not just in large companies, but in small workplaces as well.
“The first thing people are usually judged on is their ability to perform well on a consistent basis,” says Neil P.Lewis, a management psychologist. “But if two or three candidates are up for a promotion, each of whom has reasonably similar ability, a manager is going to promote the person he or she likes best. It’ s simple human nature.”
Yet, psychologists say, many employees and employers have trouble with the concept of politics in the office. Some people, they say, have an idealistic vision of work and what it takes to succeed. Still others associate politics with flattery(奉承), fearful that, if they speak up for themselves, they may appear to be flattering their boss for favors.
Experts suggest altering（改变） this negative picture by recognizing the need for some self-promotion.
小题1:“Office politics” （Line 2,Para.4） is used in the passage to refer to____.| A．the political views and beliefs of office workers | | B．the interpersonal relationships within a company | | C．the various qualities required for a successful career | | D．the code of behavior for company staff |
小题2:Why are many people unwilling to "play the game" (Line 4, Para. 5) ?| A．They believe that doing so is impractical. | | B．They feel that such behavior is unprincipled(不道德的). | | C．They are not good at manipulating colleagues. | | D．They think the effort will get them nowhere. |
小题3:To get promoted, one must not only be competent but____.| A．avoid being too outstanding | | B．get along well with his colleagues | | C．honest and loyal to his company | | D．give his boss a good impression |
小题4:It is the author’ s view that____.| A．self-promotion does not necessarily mean flattery | | B．hard work contributes very little to one’ s promotion | | C．many employees fail to recognize the need of flattery | | D．speaking up for oneself is part of human nature |
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Life is filled with challenges. As we get older we 31 realize that those challenges are the very things that 32 us and make us who we are .It is the same with the challenges that come with 32 .
When we are faced with a challenge, we usually have two 34. We can try to beat it off, or we can decide that the thing 35 the challenge isn’t worth the 36 and call it quits. Although there are certainly 37 when calling it quits is the right thing to do, in most 38 all that is needed is 39 and communication.
When we are committed to something, it means that no matter how 40 or how uncomfortable something is, we will always choose to 41 it and work it trough instead of running away from it. Communication is making a 42 for discussion and talking about how you feel as opposed to just saying what the other person did wrong. 43 you can say to a friend, “I got my feelings hurt.” 44 “You hurt my feelings,” you are going to be able to solve the problem much faster.
In dealing with the many challenges that friendship will bring to you, try to see them for 45 they are: small hurdles you need to jump or 46 on your way through life. Nothing is so big that it is 47 to get over, and hurt only 48 to make us stronger. It is all part of growing up, it 49 to everyone, and some day you will 50 all of this and say, “Hard as it was, it made who I am today. And that is a good thing.”
| 小题1: | | A．seem to | B．come to | C．hope to | D．try to |
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| 小题2: | | A．design | B．promote | C．direct | D．shape |
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| 小题3: | | A．confidence | B．pressure | C．friendship | D．difficulty |
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| 小题4: | | A．opportunities | B．expectations | C．choices | D．aspects |
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| 小题5: | | A．demanding | B．deserving | C．predicting | D．presenting |
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| 小题6: | | A．comment | B．loss | C．trouble | D．expense |
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| 小题7: | | A．spans | B．times | C．dates | D．ages |
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| 小题8: | | A．cases | B．fields | C．parts | D．occasions |
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| 小题9: | | A．assessment | B．commitment | C．encouragement | D．adjustment |
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| 小题10: | | A．doubtful | B．shameful | C．harmful | D．painful |
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| 小题11: | | A．keep | B．control | C．face | D．catch |
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| 小题12: | | A．space | B．plan | C．topic | D．room |
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| 小题14: | | A．other than | B．rather than | C．or rather | D．or else |
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| 小题15: | | A．what | B．who | C．where | D．which |
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| 小题16: | | A．pass by | B．come across | C．get through | D．run over |
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| 小题17: | | A．unnecessary | B．necessary | C．impossible | D．possible |
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| 小题18: | | A．serves | B．means | C．aims | D．attempts |
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| 小题19: | | A．opens | B．appeals | C．goes | D．happens |
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| 小题20: | | A．lock down on | B．look back on | C．look forward to | D．look up to |
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My grandparents were married for over half a century, and played their own special game the time they had met each other. The goal of their game was to write the word “shmily” in a surprise place for the other to find. They took turns leaving “shmily” around the house, and as soon as one of them discovered it, it was their turn to hide it once more. They dragged “shmily” with their fingers through the sugar and flour containers to await whoever was preparing the next meal. “Shmily” was written in the steam left on the mirror after a hot shower, where it would reappear bath after bath. There was no end to the places where “shmily” would pop up. Little notes with “shmily” were found on car seats, or taped to steering wheels. The notes were put inside shoes and left under pillows. “Shmily” was written in the dust upon the mantel（壁炉架）and traced in the ashes of the fireplace. This mysterious word was as much a part of my grandparents’ house as the furniture.
It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate my grandparents’ game. Skepticism has kept me from believing in true love --- one that is pure and enduring (持久的). However, I never doubted my grandparents’ relationship. It was based on passionate（热情的）affection which not everyone is lucky enough to experience.
But there was a dark cloud in my grandparents’ life: my grandmother had breast cancer. The disease had first appeared ten years earlier. As always, Grandpa was with her every step of the way. He comforted her in their yellow room, painted that way so that she could always be surrounded by sunshine, even when she was too sick to go outside. But my grandmother grew steadily weaker until, finally, she could not leave the house anymore. Then one day, what we all dreaded finally happened. Grandma was gone.
“Shmily.” It was written in yellow on the pink ribbons of my grandmother’s funeral bouquet (花束). As the crowd thinned and the last mourners turned to leave, Grandpa stepped up to my grandmother’s coffin and, taking a shaky breath, he began to sing to her. Through his tears and grief, the song came: S-h-m-i-l-y: See How Much I Love You.
小题1:According to the passage, where may the word “shmily” be found?
a.in the flour containers
b.on the mirror
c.on the sheet of toilet paper
d.on pillows
e.on the furniture小题2:The first paragraph is mainly about ________.| A．what the word “shmily” means | | B．how the author’s grandparents played their special game | | C．how the author appreciated her grandparents’ game | | D．how the author’s grandparents cared for each other |
小题3:The underlined phrase “pop up” in Paragraph 1 means ________.| A．appear | B．change | C．survive | D．work |
小题4:According to the passage, the author _________.| A．thought the game was meaningless | | B．believes everyone can experience true love | | C．doubted the existence of true love at first | | D．sometimes left “shmily” around the house |
小题5:Grandpa tried to make Grandma comfortable by _______.| A．singing songs to her every day | | B．painting the room yellow | | C．encouraging her to go outside | | D．helping her take a hot shower every day |
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Your peers are people your age or close to it who have experiences and interests similar to yours. You and your friends make dozens of decisions every day, and you influence each other’s choices and behavior. This is often ________ --- it’s human nature to listen to and learn from other people in your age group.
Sometimes, though, the stresses in your life can actually come from your peers. They may pressure you into doing something you’re uncomfortable with, such as shoplifting, doing drugs or drinking, or taking dangerous risks when driving a car.
The pressure to conform（随潮流） can be powerful and hard to resist. A person might feel pressure to do something just because others are doing it. Peer pressure can influence a person to do something that is relatively harmless--- or something that has more serious consequences.
People may feel pressure to conform, so they fit in or are accepted, or so they don’t feel awkward or uncomfortable. When people are unsure of what to do in a social situation, they naturally look to others for cues（暗示）about what is and isn’t acceptable.
The people who are most easily influenced will follow someone else’s lead first. Then others may go along, too --- so it can be easy to think, “It must be OK. Everyone else is doing it. They must know what they’re doing.” Before you know it, many people are going along with the crowd --- perhaps on something they might not otherwise do.
Responding to peer pressure is part of human nature --- but some people are more likely to give in, and others are better able to resist and stand their ground.
It’s not always easy to resist negative peer pressure. But when you do, it is easy to feel good about it afterwards. And you may even be a positive influence on your peers who feel the same way --- often it just takes one person to speak out or take a different action to change a situation.
小题1:Which of the following is a kind of peer pressure?| A．Your teachers give you a lot of homework. | | B．Your parents expect high scores from you. | | C．Your classmates persuade you to cut class. | | D．Your relatives invite you to attend a party. |
小题2:Which is most likely to be filled in the blank in Paragraph 1?| A．negative | | B．impossible | | C．positive | | D．uncertain |
小题3:Most people tend to do what others are doing in order to _________.| A．feel a sense of achievement | | B．get a feeling of being accepted | | C．set a good example for others | | D．stand out in a crowd |
小题4:What can we know according to the author?| A．Giving in to peer pressure is unavoidable. | | B．Peer pressure usually leads to serious results. | | C．Going along with the crowd usually means making a right choice. | | D．Everyone can make a difference by resisting negative peer pressure. |
小题5:This passage is mainly about _______.| A．thoughts on peer pressure | | B．different types of peer pressure | | C．ways to deal with peer pressure | | D．the influence of peer pressure on people |
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What does it mean to say that we live in a world of persuasion? It means that we live among competing interests. Your roommate’s need to study for an exam may take priority over pizza. Your instructor may have good reasons not to change your grade. And the object of your romantic/interest may have other choices.
In such a world, persuasion is the art of getting others to give fair and favorable consideration to our points of view. When we persuade, we want to influence how others believe and behave. We may not always prevail — other points of view may be more persuasive, depending on the listener, the situation, and the merit of the case. But when we practice the art of persuasion, we try to ensure that our position receives the attention it deserves.
Some people, however, object to the very idea of persuasion. They may regard it as an unwelcome interruption into their lives. Just the opposite, we believe that persuasion is unavoidable — to live is to persuade. Persuasion may be ethical or unethical, selfless or selfish, inspiring or degrading. Persuaders may enlighten our mind or prey on our vulnerability. Ethical persuasion, however, calls on sound reasoning and is sensitive to the feelings and needs of listeners. Such persuasion can help us apply the wisdom of the past to the decisions we now must make. Therefore, the most basic part of education is learning to resist the one kind of persuasion and to encourage and practice the other.
Beyond its personal importance to us, persuasion is necessary to society. The right to persuade and be persuaded is the bedrock of the American political system, guaranteed by the First Amendment to the Constitution.
小题1:According to the passage, persuasion means ________.| A．changing others’ points of view | | B．exercising power over other people | | C．getting other people to consider your point of view | | D．getting people to agree with you and do what you want |
小题2:The underlined word in the second paragraph “prevail” means________.| A．win | B．fail | C．speak | D．listen |
小题3:The passage states that some people object to persuasion because they think it is ________.| A．a danger to society | B．difficult to do well | | C．unwelcome behavior | D．never successful |
小题4:The passage mainly discusses ________.| A．how people persuade | | B．why people persuade | | C．that persuasion is both good and bad | | D．that persuasion is important and it is all around us |
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