阅读理解 In one of the strongest indications of the power of the mind to influen
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| 阅读理解 |
In one of the strongest indications of the power of the mind to influence the body, a growing
collection of evidence finds that people who are depressed have a greatly higher risk of developing
heart disease.
In a study of almost 3,000 men and 5,000 women, depressed men were 70 per cent more likely
to develop coronary (心脏的) heart disease than those who weren"t depressed. While depressed
women were just 12 per cent more likely to develop heart disease, those who were severely depressed
were 78 per cent more likely. In fact, a 1998 study found that women who are depressed have a risk
of dying from heart disease equal to that of women who smoke or who have high blood pressure.
The link works the other way around, too: While about 1 in 20 American adults experience major
depression in a given year, that number jumps to about one in three among those who have survived a
heart attack.
The more severe the depression, the more dangerous it is to your health. But some studies suggest
that even mild depression, including feelings of hopelessness experienced over many years, may damage
the heart. Other studies suggest depression may affect how well heart disease medications work.
Researchers aren"t sure what the connection between depression and heart disease is, but theories
exist. One is that people who are depressed tend not to take very good care of themselves. They"re
more likely to eat high-fat, high-calorie "comfort" foods, less likely to exercise, and more likely to
smoke. But beyond lifestyle, there is probably also a physiological link between depression and heart
disease. Recent studies found that people with severe, depression tended to have a lack of heart-healthy 0-3 fatty acids. People who are depressed also often have high levels of stress hormones (荷尔蒙).
These keep the body primed for fight or flight, raising blood pressure and causing the heart to beat faster,
all of which put additional stress on coronary arteries (动脉) and prevent the body"s natural healing
mechanisms from working properly.
A whole branch of medicine is devoted to the complex links between mental health, the nervous
system, the hormone system and so on. This science is gradually sorting out how the mind-body
connection affects us, or defenses against heart disease.
Generally, an estimated 10 per cent of American adults experience some form of depression every year.
Although available treatments can ease symptoms (症状) in more than 80 per cent of people treated, less
than half of those with depression get the help they need. |
| 1. Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? |
A. Depression -Heart Disease Risk Factor.
B. Heart Disease -Health Killer.
C. Depression - Mental Health Enemy.
D. Heart Disease - Depression Factor. |
| 2. Which statement is NOT true according to the passage? |
A. With high blood pressure, depression is another potential risk to women"s health.
B. Depression, which is mild, can possibly cause damage to your health.
C. Most people who experience depression get treated as they should be.
D. Depression may have some influence on the function of heart disease medication. |
3. According to the passage, the possible connections between heart disease and depression
are the following EXCEPT ______ |
A. depressed ones tend to eat high-fat and high-calories foods, which leads to physical damage to heart
B. severe heart disease may cause people to feel hopeless and depressed
C. depression may result in the lack of some kind of acids, which probably affects the working of
people"s heart
D. people with depression often have a high level of stress hormones, maybe, which will put extra
pressure on one s heart |
| 4. We can infer from the passage that ______. |
A. more researches will be done to find the certain links between heart disease and depression
B. the percentage of adults with depression is higher than that of depressed adults with heart disease
C. one"s lifestyle has relatively little relationship with one"s mental health
D. those with depression have a higher risk of developing heart disease |
答案
| 1-4: ACBA |
举一反三
| 阅读理解 |
Why did the chicken cross the road? To get to the other side.
Most people know this joke. But recently, some people have been much more worried about how
the grizzly bear (灰熊) and mountain lion can cross the road.
"Millions of animals die each year on U.S. roads," the Federal Highway Administration reports. In
fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today. The main reason? Roadkill.
"Ecopassages " may help animals cross the road without being hit by cars. They are paths both over
and under roads. "These ecopassages can be extremely useful, so that wildlife can avoid road accidents,"
said Jodi Hilty of the Wildlife Protection Society.But do animals actually use the ecopassages? The
answer is yes. Paul Beier of Northern Arizona University found foot marks left by mountain lions on an
ecopassage that went under a highway. This showed that the lions used the passage.
Builders of ecopassages try to make them look like a natural part of an area by planting trees on and
around them. Animals seem to be catching on. Animals as different as salamanders (火蜥蜴) and grizzly
bears are using the bridges and underpasses.
The next time you visit a park or drive through an area with a lot of wildlife, look around. You might
see an animal overpass! |
| 1. The writer uses the example of "ocelots" to show that _______. |
A. wild animals have become more dangerous
B. the driving conditions have improved greatly
C. the measure for protecting wildlife fails to work
D. an increasing number of animals are killed in road accidents |
| 2. From the news story, we know an ecopassage is ________. |
A. an underground path for cars
B. a fence built for the safety of the area
C. a bridge for animals to get over a river
D. a path for animals to cross the road |
| 3. When the writer says that animals seem "to be catching on", he means ________. |
A. animals begin to realize the dangers on the road
B. animals begin to learn to use ecopassages
C. animals are crossing the road in groups
D. animals are increasing in number |
| 4. The writer asks visitors and drivers to look around when traveling because ________. |
A. wild animals may attack cars
B. wild animals may block the road
C. they may see wild animals in the park
D. they may see wild animals on ecopassages |
| 阅读理解。 |
Downing the last drop of an expensive famous brand H2O as weIl as remembering to
throw the empty bottle in the recycling bin.makes you feel pretty good about yourself, right?
It shouldn"t. Even when the bottles are recycled, there are all kinds of otherconsequences of
swallowing bottled water, says Melissa Peffers, the air-quality program manager for
Environmental Defense.
The containers are often filled in foraway lands, then shipped from abroad,and stored in
refrigerators at your local store. Compare that with the influence on environment of turning
on your tap ,filling a glass,and drinking up!
Anyone who is choosing bottled water for health reasons ismisguided,says Peffers,"Most
bottled water is just tap water." And what comes out of your tap is carefully monitored to
follow the strictrules. Consider another fact that bottled water is surprisingly expensive.
especially when compared with the altemative,which is almost free ,andit is astonishing that
America"s desire for bottled water seems impassibleto satisfy,reaching nearly 30 billion
bottles a year.
"My parents" generation never had bottled water, "saysIsabelle Silverman,an
Environinental Defense legal adviser. She hasmade a commitment to going bottle free."You
don"t need to fetch ithome from the store,and it"s cheaper, " she adds
Bottled water"s role as a status symbol needs to change,Pefferspoints out. So when a waiter
at an expensive restaurant offers"Andwhat"s your drink?"that"s no reason to forget your
conviction(信念). "Don"t be afraid to say,"I"ll have tap." Say it loud enoughthat the other
tables nearby can hear you,"Peffers says,"And thenspend that money on a dessert. " |
| 1. In the first paragraph,the underlined sentence"It shouldn"t."suggest that people________. |
A. shouldn"t feel pleased with finishing the water in the bottle
B. shouldn"t feel good about drinkinl an expensive brand H2O
C. shouldn"t be content with just recycling empty bottles
D. shouldn"t be satisfied with drinking only bottled water |
| 2. According to the author, tap water is_________. |
A. as safe as bottled water
B. more likely to be polluted
C. healthier than bottled water
D. less convenient than bottled water |
| 3. The underlined part"going bottle free"(in Paragraph 4)means"______". |
A. making bottled water free
B. abandoning bottled water
C. recycling used water bottles
D. providing free water containers |
| 4. Why does Peffers ask people to say"I"ll have tap."loudly? |
A. To encourage them to set an example for others to follow.
B. To advise them to save the money for one more dessert.
C. To remind them to be aware of their social status.
D. To persuade them to speak confidently in public. |
| 阅读理解。 |
Compared to people with bad attitudes , people who are cheerful and relaxed are less
likely to suffer from colds, according to a new study. " It"spossiblethatbeingupbeathelpsthe
bodyfight illnesses", says Sheldon Cohen, the study"s lead researcher from Camegie Mellon
University( CMU) in Pittsburgh.
In a previous study,Cohen and his colleagues put cold-causing viruses into the noses
of 334 healthy adults. People who tended to be cheerful and lively were least likely to
develop sniffles, coughs , and other cold symptoms. People who showed positive feelings
were also less likely to mention symptoms to their doctors , even whenmedical tests
detected those symptoms.
Those findings were interesting, but they didn"t prove that a person"s attitude affects
whether he or she gets sick. Instead,it was still possible that a person"s underlying
personality is what matters.Evidence suggests, for instance, that certain people are
naturally more likely to be outgoing and optimistic , with high self-esteem and a sense
of control over life. This would mean that who we are, not how we feel, ultimately
decides our chances of catching colds.
To figure out which mattered more ( personality or emotions) , the CMU team
interviewed 193 healthy adults. The researchers talked to each person over the phone
every evening for 2 weeks. At the end of the interviewing period, people got nose drops
that contained either cold or flu viruses. Then, each person stayed in an isolated room
for 5 0r 6 days. The results showed that everyone in the study was equally likely to get
infected. Their symptoms, however, differed depending on the types of emotions that
they had reported over the previous 2 weeks. Among those who reported good moods
and had been infected with the flu virus, for example,28 percent developed coughs and
stuffy noses. On the other hand, those symptoms struck 41 percent of people who had
been less upbeat. |
| 1. What would be the best title for the passage?_____ |
A. Smiles Turn Away Colds
B. An Interesting Way to Beat Colds
C. Be Outgoing and Optimistic to Fight Colds
D. What Matters More, Personality or Emotions? |
| 2. In the previous study, people who showed positive feelings______ |
A. didn"t catch colds as often
B. developed cold symptoms more slowly
C. were less likely to have cold symptoms detected
D. were less likely to feel cold symptoms |
| 3. What mainly decides our chances of catching colds according to the new study?______ |
A. Personality. B. Self-esteem.
C. Emotions.D. Attitudes. |
| 4. The underlined word " symptoms"probably means _________ . |
A. something that causes cold
B. something that results in cold
C. signs that something exists , especially something bad
D. changes in your body or mind that show that you are not healthy |
| 阅读理解. |
When one person gains weight , their close friends oftenfollow. Researchers have just
offered evidence in a study that says obesity (肥胖) appears to spread through social ties.
But the findings might also offer hope.
If friends help make obesity acceptable , then they might also be influential in losing the
fat.The researchers note that support groups are already an effective tool in dealing with
other socially influenced problems , likealcoholism (酗酒 ) .
The findings appeared in the New EngLand Journal of Medicine. The researchers used
information collected from 12, 000 people. It was collected between 1972 and 2003 as
part of the Framingham Heart Study.
The information was highly detailed. There was even contact information(联络信息 )
for close friends of the people in the study.
The researchers examined more than 40 , 000 social ties. They found a person"s
chances of becoming severely overweight increased by 50% if a friend had become
obese.
A sister or brother of a person who became obese had a 40% increased chance of
becoming obese. The risk for a wife or husband was a little less than that.
Nicholas Christakis of Harvard Medical School was a lead researcher in the study.
He says there is a direct causal relationship (因果关系) betweena persongetting fatand
being followed in weight gain by a friend.
The study found that the sex of the friends was also an influence. In same-sex
friendship, a person had a 71%increased risk of becoming obese. Men had a 44%
increased risk of becoming obese after weight gainin a brother. In sisters ,it was 67% .
The researchers also considered the effect of where people lived in relation to each
other. James Fowler of the University of California,was the other lead expert. He says
a friend who lives a few hundred kilometers away has as much influence as one in the
same neighhorhood. He says the study demonstrates the need to consider that a major
part of people"s health is tied to their social connections.
Both researchers say their research shows that obesity is not just a private medical
issue , but a public health problem. |
| 1. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean?______ |
A. Obesity is a negative influence on close friends.
B. Friends might also play a part in losing weight.
C. One might have positive influence on one"s friend.
D. Friendship may have little to do with one"s health. |
| 2. Which of the following statements would Nicholas Christakis agree to?______ |
A. If one gains weight, one"s friends are likely to get fat.
B. Social problems like alcoholism are easy to deal with.
C. Friends usually don"t follow each other to lose weight.
D. One might influence others on their social behavior. |
| 3. The increased risk of gaining weight by an obese sister is _______. |
A. 50%
B. 40%
C. 67%
D. 71% |
| 4. James Fowler seems to believe that________. |
A. a friend who lives nearby affects us most
B. one"s health has nothing to do with friends
C. social connections have effects on one"s life
D. a friend living faraway has the same influence as one"s neighbor |
| 5. The author makes his point clear in the text________. |
A. a major part of people"s health is based on their genes
B. friends living closer have greater influence on one"s health
C. social relationship is closely connected with people"s health
D. people"s physical condition is subject to social connections
|
| 阅读理解. |
Widespread evidence links global warming to a series of environmental effects.
Starving polar bears are eating one another in the Arctic. Flowers are blooming
(盛开) too soon and die. The ice caps are melting so fast that rising water levels will
threaten coastal towns along Florida within several decades. These are just a few
examples of the terrible consequences of climate change discovered by a new research
in Nature that paints a dark portrait of what a warming world will look like in the years
to come.
The researchers analyzed 829 abnormal phenomena-including melting glaciers
(冰川)-along with nearly 30, 000 changes in plants and animals.and found that about
90% of them are in sync
(同步) with scientists" predictions about how global warming will change the planet.
"In the past three decades, average global temperatures have risen about 0. 60C
and are projected to jump by about l.7℃ by the end of the century," says Cynthia
Rosenzweig, who leads the Climate Impacts Group at NASA"s Goddard Institute
for Space Studies at Columbia University in New York. " We"ve already seen that
a relatively low amount of warming, "she says , " can result in a broad range of changes. "
The unnatural warming caused by man-made greenhouse gases , especially carbon
dioxide produced by cars and coal-powered plants, brings trouble for entire ecosystems.
In North America alone, scientists have identified 89species of plants . such as the
American holly , which have flowered earlier in the spring. In Spain , apple trees bloom
35 days ahead of schedule. in response to the higher temperatures. Other wildlife ,
liketheinsects that use certain plants for food and the birds that feed on the insects, must
then move forward their seasonal stirrings and mating patterns to survive.
To try to follow this time shift.some birds such as robins.the classic symbol of
winter"sthaw , are returning toColorado fromtheir migrations some two weeks earlier
than in years past. All these changes can throw a food chain in disorder, some bird
species that arrive before the insects reappear may starve to death.
"Around the world, plants and animals "are waking up to an earlier alarm clock than
they used to, "says "rerry Root, a biologist from Stanford University. |
1. The author describes some unnatural phenomena in Paragraph 2
to_____. |
A. show a picture of the present world
B. present the results of a recent research
C. indicate the earth is now in great danger
D. call readers" attention to the new research |
| 2. The analysis of abnormal phenomena on earth shows that _______ . |
A. most changes agree with scientists" previous predictions
B. global warming has changed all the plants and animals
C. melting glaciers have caused the worst side effects
D. scientists made wrong predictions about the future of earth |
| 3. Why must some birds move about earlier than usual?______ |
A. Because the warm weather wakes them up earlier.
B. Because certain trees bloom a month ahead of time.
C. Because they need to follow some insects for food.
D. Because the plants they use to hunt food bloom late. |
| 4. What do we know about robins?______ |
A. Farmers depend on them to tell the time.
B. They used to come back when spring came.
C. They used to predict the change of weather.
D. They usually migrate when seasons change. |
| 5. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?______ |
A. Man Is to Blame for Global Warming
B. Humans Are Causing the World to Heat Up
C. The Terrible Consequences of Climate Change
D. Global Warming Is Changing Nature"s Clock |
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