Man has always wanted to fly. Some of the greatest men in history have thought a
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Man has always wanted to fly. Some of the greatest men in history have thought about the problem. One of these, for example, was the great Italian artist, Leonardo da Vinci. In the sixteenth century he made designs for machines that could fly. But they were never built.,
Throughout history, other less famous men have wanted to fly. An example was a man in England 800years ago. He made a pair of wings from chicken feathers. Then he fixed them to his body and jumped into the air from a tall building. He did not fly very far. He fell to the ground and broke every bone in his body.
The first real step took place in France in 1783. Two brothers, the Mongolfiers, made a very large “hot air balloon”. They knew that hot air rises. Why not fill a balloon with it? The balloon was made of cloth and paper. In September of that year, the King and Queen of France came to see the balloon. They watched it carry the very first air passengers into the sky. The passengers were a sheep and a chicken. We do not know how they felt about the trip. But we do know that the trip lasted 8 minutes and that the animals landed safely. Two months later, two men did the same thing. They rose above Paris in a balloon of the same kind. Their trip lasted twenty-five minutes and they traveled about 8 kilometers.
小题1: Leonardo da Vinci .| A．said that man would fly in the sky one day | | B．built a kind of machine which never flew | | C．drew many beautiful pictures of the birds | | D．made designs of flying machines |
小题2:Eight hundred years ago an Englishman .| A．made a kind of flying machine | | B．tried to fly with wings made of chicken feathers | | C．wanted to build a kind of balloon | | D．tried to fly on a large bird |
小题3: In fact, the Englishman who tried to fly .| A．lost his life | B．flew only 8 minutes | | C．was not wounded | D．succeeded in flying |
小题4:The very first air passengers in the balloon were .| A．the King and Queen | B．two Frenchmen | | C．two animals | D．the Mongolfiers |
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答案
小题1:D
小题2:B
小题3:A
小题4:C |
解析
讲述了人类追求飞翔的梦想的三次尝试。
小题1:细节题。根据第一段第二行In the sixteenth century he made designs for machines that could fly.
小题2:细节题。根据第二段二行。He made a pair of wings from chicken feathers. Then he fixed them to his body and jumped into the air。
小题3:细节题。根据第二段最后一句He did not fly very far. He fell to the ground and broke every bone in his body.摔断了每一根骨头，那么一定是失去了生命。
小题4:细节题。根据最后一段第四行The passengers were a sheep and a chicken.可知C正确。 |
举一反三
For thousands of years, the most important two buildings in any British village have been the church and the pub．Traditionally, the church and the pub are at the heart of any village or town, where the people gather together to socialize and exchange news．
As a result, British pubs are often old and well preserved．Many of them have become historic sites．The most famous example is the pub in the city of Nottingham called " Ye Olde Trip to Jerusalem" , which dates back to the year 1189 AD and is probably the oldest pub in England．
However, British pubs are not just for kings and queens; they welcome people from all classes and parts of society．On a cold night, the pub"s landlord or landlady can always find a warm place for you by the fire．There is always honest and hearty food and plenty of drinks available at an affordable price．
That"s how things used to be．Things are beginning to change．It is said that the credit crunch （信贷紧缩） is causing 39 British pubs in a week to go out of business．People do not have enough spare money to spend on beer．Recently, the UK government banned smoking in all pubs, and that may also have affected the number of customers going to pubs．
This decline is happening despite the fact that in 2005 the UK government started to allow pubs to stay open after 11 p．m．．Previously, with 11 p．m．as closing time, customers would have to drink quite quickly, meaning they sometimes got more drunk than they would if allowed to drink slowly．The British habit of drinking a lot very quickly is known as "binge drinking" , and it causes long-term health problems for people and problems with violent crime for communities．
In order to save their businesses, pubs are trying to change with the market．British pubs now offer something for everyone．A lot of pubs used to be "Working Men"s Clubs" , meaning that women could not usually enter．Today, however, women can freely enter 99% of pubs without experiencing any problems．Perhaps things are changing for the better after all．
小题1:British people have the habit of gathering in the pubs to _____．| A．have the hearty food | | B．enjoy the historic sites | | C．make themselves known | | D．communicate with each other |
小题2:The British pubs are allowed to stay open after 11p．m．to ______．| A．urge customers to drink quickly | | B．affect the number of customers | | C．help reduce social problems | | D．give pub owners better income |
小题3:We can learn from the last paragraph that the author _____．| A．is against the admission of too many women to the pubs | | B．holds an optimistic attitude towards the future of the British pubs | | C．thinks that women in the pubs will cause less social problems | | D．holds the view that British pubs should offer everything you need |
小题4:The passage mainly tells us ______．| A．the long history of British pubs | | B．the present situation of British pubs | | C．the reason why British people go to pubs | | D．the disadvantages of running pubs in Britain |
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San Francisco has its cable cars. Seattle has its Space Needle. And, Longview has its squirrel bridge. The bridge, which has attracted international attention, is now a local landmark.
The Nutty Narrows Bridge was built in 1963 by a local builder, Amos Peters, to give squirrels a way to cross the busy road without getting flattened by passing cars.
The original bridge was built over Olympia Way on the west edge of the library grounds. Before the bridge was built, squirrels had to avoid traffic to and from the Park Plaza office building where office staff put out a nutty feast for the squirrels. Many times, Peters and others who worked in and near Park Plaza witnessed squirrels being run over.
One day Peters found a dead squirrel with a nut still in its mouth, and that day’s coffee break discussion turned into squirrel safety. The group of businessmen cooked up the squirrel bridge idea and formed a committee to ask the blessing of the City Council(市政会).The Council approved, and Councilwoman Bess LaRiviere named the bridge “Nutty Narrows.”
After architects designed the bridge, Amos Peters and Bill Hutch started Construction, They built the 60-foot bridge from aluminum and lengths of fire hose(消防水带). It cost 1,000.
It didn’t take long before reports of squirrels using the bridge started. Squirrels were even seen guiding their young and teaching them the ropes. The story was picked up by the media, and Nutty Narrows became know in newspapers all over the world.
In 1983, after 20 years of use, Peters took down the worn-out bridge. Repairs were made and crosspieces were replaced. The faded sign was repainted and in July 1983, hundreds of animal lovers attended the completion ceremony of the new bridge.
Peters died in 1984, and a ten-foot wooden squirrel sculpture was placed near the bridge in memory of its builder and his devotion to the project.
小题1:The Nutty Narrows Bridge was built in order to ________.| A．offer squirrels a place to eat nuts | | B．set up a local landmark | | C．help improve traffic | | D．protect squirrels |
小题2:What happened over the coffee break discussion?| A．The committee got the Council’s blessing. | | B．The squirrel bridge idea was born | | C．A councilwoman named the bridge | | D．A squirrel was found dead. |
小题3:What does the underlined phrase “teaching them the ropes” probably means in the text?| A．passing them a rope | | B．Directing them to store food for winter | | C．Teaching them a lesson | | D．Showing them how to use the bridge. |
小题4:Which of the following is true of the squirrel bridge?| A．It was replaced by a longer one. | | B．It was built from wood and metal. | | C．it was rebuilt after years of use. | | D．It was designed by Bill Hutch. |
小题5:What can we learn about Amos Peters?| A．He is remembered for his love of animals. | | B．He donated $1,000 to build the bridge. | | C．He was a member of the City Council. | | D．He was awarded a medal for building the bridge. |
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Many of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in history books are great conquerors and generals and soldiers, whereas the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned at all.
We do not know who first set a broken leg, or launched a seaworthy boat, or calculated the length of the year; but we know all about the killers and destroyers. People think a great deal of them, so much so that on all the highest pillars in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror or a general or a soldier. And I think most people believe that the greatest countries are those that have beaten in battle the greatest number of other countries and ruled over them as conquerors.
It is just possible they are, but they are not the most civilized. Animals fight; so do savages; hence to be good at fighting is to be good in the way in which an animal or a savage（野人） is good, but it is not to be civilized. Even being good at getting other people to fight for you and telling them how to do it most efficiently—this, after all, is what conquerors and generals have done—is not being civilized. People fight to settle quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized people ought to be able to find some way of setting their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side, and then saying that that side which has killed most has won. And not only has it won, but because it has won, it had been in the right. For that is what going to war means; it means saying that might（权利） is right.
小题1:The author thinks that the conquerors and generals and soldiers ________.| A．only appear glorious in history books | | B．are greater than any other people | | C．are not as great as described in history books | | D．do not really help civilization forward |
小题2:As it is indicated in the passage, the figure of a conqueror or a general or a soldier is put on the highest pillars in the great cities of the world mainly because ________.| A．people respect them very much | | B．they fought bravely to protect their cities | | C．people think they fought too brutally（野蛮地） | | D．they conquered many cities and countries |
小题3:What is the writer’s attitude towards the countries that ruled over a large number of other countries ?| A．Positive. | B．Critical. | C．Ironic. | D．Respectful. |
小题4:The author says that civilized people________.| A．should not have any quarrels to settle | | B．should not fight when there are no quarrels to settle | | C．should settle their quarrels without fighting | | D．should settle their quarrels by killing the other side |
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To take the apple as a forbidden fruit is the most unlikely story the Christians（基督教徒）ever cooked up. For them, the forbidden fruit from Eden is evil（邪恶的）. So when Columbus brought the tomato back from South America, a land mistakenly considered to be Eden, everyone jumped to be the obvious conclusion. Wrongly taken as the apple of Eden, the tomato was shut out of the door of Europeans.
What made it particularly terrifying was its similarity to the mandrake, a plant that was thought to have come from Hell（地狱）.What earned the plant its awful reputation was its roots which looked like a dried-up human body occupied by evil spirits. Tough the tomato and the mandrake were quite different except that both had bright red or yellow fruit, the general population considered them one and the same, too terrible to touch.
Cautious Europeans long ignored the tomato, and until the early 1700s most of the Western people continued to drag their feet. In the 1880s, the daughter of a well-known plant expert wrote that the most interesting part of an afternoon tea at her father’s house had been the “introduction of this wonderful new fruit—or is it a vegetable?” As late as the twentieth century some writers still classed tomatoes with mandrakes as an “evil fruit”.
But in the end tomatoes carried the day. The hero of the tomato was an American named Robert Johnson, and when he was publicly going to eat the tomato in 1820, people journeyed for hundreds of miles to watch him drop dead. “What are you afraid of?” he shouted. “I’ll show you fools that these things are good to eat!” Then he bit into the tomato. Some people fainted. But he survived and, according to a local story, set up a tomato-canning factory.
小题1:The tomato was shut out of the door of early Europeans mainly because ______.| A．it made Christians evil. | | B．it was the apple of Eden | | C．it came from a forbidden land | | D．it was religiously unacceptable |
小题2:What can we infer the underlined part in Paragraph 3 ?| A．The process of ignoring the tomato slowed down | | B．There was little progress in the study of the tomato | | C．The tomato was still refused in most western countries | | D．Most western people continued to get rid of the tomato |
小题3:What is the main reason for Robert Johnson to eat the tomato publicly?| A．To make himself a hero | | B．To remove people’s fear of the tomato | | C．To speed up the popularity of the tomato | | D．To persuade people to buy products from his factory |
小题4:What is the main purpose of the passage ?| A．To challenge people’s fixed concepts of the tomato | | B．To give an explanation to people’s dislike of the tomato | | C．To present the change of people’s attitudes to the tomato | | D．To show the process of freeing the tomato from religious influence |
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It was a simple letter asking for a place to study at Scotland’s oldest university which helped start a revolution in higher education. A 140-year-old letter written by a lady calling for her to be allowed to study medicine at St Andrews University has been discovered by researchers. Written by Sophia Jex-Blake in 1873, the seven-page document, which urged the university to allow women to study medicine at the institution, was released yesterday on International Women’s Day.
The document was discovered buried in the university archives (档案) by part-time history student Lis Smith, who is completing her PhD at St Andrews Institute of Scottish Historical Research. She said: “We knew that Sophia Jex-Blake and her supporters, in their effort to open up university medical education for women, had written to the Senatus Academicus (校评议委员会) at St Andrews in an attempt to gain permission to attend classes there, but we didn’t know documentary evidence existed. While searching the archives for information about the university’s higher certificate for women, I was astonished to come across what must be the very letter Jex-Blake wrote.”
In the letter, Sophia and her supporters offered to hire teachers or build suitable buildings for a medical school and to arrange for lectures to be delivered in the subjects not already covered at St Andrews. Although her letter was not successful, it eventually led to the establishment of the Ladies Literate in Arts at St Andrews, a distance-learning degree for women. The qualification, which ran from 1877 until the 1930s, gave women access to university education in the days before they were admitted as students. It was so popular that it survived long after women were admitted as full students to St Andrews in 1892.
Ms Jex-Blake went on to help establish the London School of Medicine for Women in 1874. She was accepted by the University of Berne, where she was awarded a medical degree in January 1877. Eventually, she moved back to Edinburgh and opened her own practice.
小题1:Sophia wrote a letter to St Andrews University because she wanted _______.| A．to carry out a research project there | | B．to set up a medical institute there | | C．to study medicine there | | D．to deliver lectures there |
小题2: Lis Smith found Sophia’s letter to St Andrews University _______.| A．by pure chance | | B．in the school office | | C．with her supporters’ help | | D．while reading history books |
小题3:Sophia’s letter resulted in the establishment of _______.| A．the London School of Medicine for Women | | B．a degree programme for women | | C．a system of medical education | | D．the University of Berne |
小题4:When did St Andrews University begin to take full-time women students?| A．In 1873. | | B．In 1874. | | C．In 1877. | | D．In 1892. |
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